Week 3 Flashcards
What is the speech chain?
The series of events that leads to speech, starts at the linguistic level, although it is difficult to capture in one image
What are phonemes?
Sounds of speech, the smallest unit of speech that distinguishes meaning in a given language
What are allophones?
Variation of a sound that does not have a distinct meaning so they are perceived as the same phoneme
What is the international phonetic alphabet?
Representation of all the sounds of all the world’s languages, usually put into brackets or slash marks
What are all the places of articulation?
Bilabial: both lips (p, b, and m sounds)
Labiodental: lip and teeth (f and v sounds)
Interdental: tongue between the front teeth (th sounds both voiced and voiceless)
Alveolar: tongue tip to alveolar ridge (sounds such as d, l, s, n)
Palatal: tongue to the hard palette (r, sh, ch sounds)
Velar: back of tongue to back of soft palate (k and g sounds)
Glottal: made between the two vocal folds (glottal stop and h sounds)
What is a cognate?
When it is pronounced in the same place or manner, but one is voiced and one is voiceless
What is the manner of articulation?
This is how the vocal tract modifies the air stream to produce the desired sound
What are the six manners of articulation?
Stop: obstruct the airstream then release that specific place of articulation
Fricative - partially obstructs the airstream to create a precise flow of air, the s sound for example
Affricate - a stop and a fricative. Completely stop the airstream and then release it. j and ch, judge and church (affricate is stopped with a fricative)
Liquids - luh and ruh
Glides - yes and w sounds
Nasals - n, m, ng
What are minimal pairs?
Two words that only differ from a single phoneme
What are vowels?
speech sounds produced without the obstruction of the breath streams by the articulators
What are the two classifications for vowels?
monophthongs and diphthongs
What is prosody?
The rhythm, rate, stress, and intonation or melody of language
What is the first stage of babbling?
Precanonical: this is when there is cooing, gooing, and vocal play. there is also marginal babbling
What is the second stage of babbling?
Canonical forms: this is when sounds are reduplicated and the infant starts to move its arms arouns
What is the third stage of babbling?
advanced forms: variegated babbling and jargon, these start to sound adult-like, using jargon which uses consistent rhythm and intonation
