Week 2

Question 1

What are the three speech mechanisms? Describe them.

Answer 1

Resonance (filter): The source of speech is the vocal folds vibrating within the larynx
Phonatory system (source): protection and speech production
Respriatory (power): main function is to sustain life through exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 2

What is relaxed breathing vs speech breathing?

Answer 2

Relaxed breathing is balanced and taking in and out small bits of air

Speech breathing requires motor control, take a larger breath and exhale slowly

Question 3

What is vital capacity?

Answer 3

The volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after full inspiration

Question 4

What is phonation?

Answer 4

Vocal folds vibrating to produce voicing/sound

Question 5

Do vowels or consonants have voicing?

Answer 5

Vowels

Question 6

How is pitch determined?

Answer 6

By the size of the vocal folds

Question 7

What are the primary structures of the larynx?

Answer 7

Hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, epiglottis

Question 8

How is sound changed?

Answer 8

By the shape of the pharynx

Question 9

What are the seven articulatory mechanisms?

Answer 9

Tongue, lips, mandible, hard palate, alveolar ridge, soft palate, teeth

Question 10

What are the parts of the tongue?

Answer 10

Blade, tip, side

Question 11

What is the primary biological function of the lungs?

Answer 11

Breathing

Question 12

What is the primary biological function of the larynx?

Answer 12

To protect the airway

Question 13

What is the primary biological function of the teeth, lips, tongue?

Answer 13

Eating and drinking

Question 14

What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

Answer 14

Central nervous system and the spinal cord

Question 15

What is the central nervous system mainly composed of?

Answer 15

Neurons

Question 16

What are the three types of neurons?

Answer 16

Sensory neurons that respond to stimuli
Motor neurons that move muscles
Interneurons that connect neurons in the central nervous system

Question 17

What are the three divisions of the brain?

Answer 17

Brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebrum

Question 18

Describe the brainstem.

Answer 18

Connects the spinal cord with with the cerebrum, is the information highway for sensory and motor pathways passing from the spinal cord to higher centers, controls breathing, blood pressure, sleeping, swallowing, etc

Question 19

Describe the cerebrum.

Answer 19

Largest part of the brain, it is made of two layers; the grey matter which consists of cell bodies and this is where processing information happens; the white matter is the inner part that contains axons covered in myelin and is responsible for sending information

Question 20

What are the four lobes of the brain?

Answer 20

Front, temporal, parietal, and occipital

Question 21

What does the frontal lobe do?

Answer 21

Controls expressive language(brocas area), has primary motor cortex which is involved in motor movement, responsible for personaility and judgement as well

Question 22

What do the parietal lobes do?

Answer 22

Recieve and process sensory information, has the primary sensory cortex which recieves tactile information and proprioceptive information

Question 23

What do the temporal lobes do?

Answer 23

the left lobe deals with auditory comprehension of verbal languages and this is where wernickes area is, the right side deals with processing non linguistic stimuli

Question 24

What does broca’s area do?

Answer 24

Speech production

Question 25

What does the cerebellum do?

Answer 25

regulate motor activity, control things such as rate, range, coordination, balance