Week 2 Flashcards
What are the three speech mechanisms? Describe them.
Resonance (filter): The source of speech is the vocal folds vibrating within the larynx
Phonatory system (source): protection and speech production
Respriatory (power): main function is to sustain life through exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
What is relaxed breathing vs speech breathing?
Relaxed breathing is balanced and taking in and out small bits of air
Speech breathing requires motor control, take a larger breath and exhale slowly
What is vital capacity?
The volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after full inspiration
What is phonation?
Vocal folds vibrating to produce voicing/sound
Do vowels or consonants have voicing?
Vowels
How is pitch determined?
By the size of the vocal folds
What are the primary structures of the larynx?
Hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, epiglottis
How is sound changed?
By the shape of the pharynx
What are the seven articulatory mechanisms?
Tongue, lips, mandible, hard palate, alveolar ridge, soft palate, teeth
What are the parts of the tongue?
Blade, tip, side
What is the primary biological function of the lungs?
Breathing
What is the primary biological function of the larynx?
To protect the airway
What is the primary biological function of the teeth, lips, tongue?
Eating and drinking
What are the two main parts of the nervous system?
Central nervous system and the spinal cord
What is the central nervous system mainly composed of?
Neurons
What are the three types of neurons?
Sensory neurons that respond to stimuli
Motor neurons that move muscles
Interneurons that connect neurons in the central nervous system
What are the three divisions of the brain?
Brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebrum
Describe the brainstem.
Connects the spinal cord with with the cerebrum, is the information highway for sensory and motor pathways passing from the spinal cord to higher centers, controls breathing, blood pressure, sleeping, swallowing, etc
Describe the cerebrum.
Largest part of the brain, it is made of two layers; the grey matter which consists of cell bodies and this is where processing information happens; the white matter is the inner part that contains axons covered in myelin and is responsible for sending information
What are the four lobes of the brain?
Front, temporal, parietal, and occipital
What does the frontal lobe do?
Controls expressive language(brocas area), has primary motor cortex which is involved in motor movement, responsible for personaility and judgement as well
What do the parietal lobes do?
Recieve and process sensory information, has the primary sensory cortex which recieves tactile information and proprioceptive information
What do the temporal lobes do?
the left lobe deals with auditory comprehension of verbal languages and this is where wernickes area is, the right side deals with processing non linguistic stimuli
What does broca’s area do?
Speech production
What does the cerebellum do?
regulate motor activity, control things such as rate, range, coordination, balance
