Week 2 Practical

Question 1

what does DRSABCD stand for

Answer 1

dangers?
response?
send for help- 000/red button/33#
airways
breathing
CPR
AED

Question 2

ratio of compressions to breaths

Answer 2

30:2

Question 3

modifications of CPR for pregnant women

Answer 3

rotate on their left side (use pillow or jumper to aid)

Question 4

what happens if compressions are done too high up the sternum

Answer 4

break the ribs

Question 5

what happens if compressions are done too low down the sternum

Answer 5

damage the internal organs of the abdomen
force food up the airway

Question 6

modifications of CPR for infants

Answer 6

use thumbs or two fingers for compressions
smaller oxygen supply

Question 7

outline PCR process

Answer 7

DNA denaturation – at high temperatures (94-95oC), the hydrogen bonds holding the double-stranded –
DNA helix together break apart, separating the DNA into two single strands.
Primer annealing – when the temperature is lowered (50-65oC), the primers bind to the DNA template (via hydrogen bonds).
DNA extension – when the temperature is raised (72oC), the enzyme begins to attach the required DNA nucleotides together to form a new copy of the DNA template.
These three reaction stages are repeated 20-40 times

Question 8

what is the purpose of fluorescent markers in PCR

Answer 8

scientists can now measure the amplification of DNA samples during the PCR reaction

Question 9

qPCR is

Answer 9

real time PCR

Question 10

what is CRISPR

Answer 10

gene editing

Question 11

What is IHC

Answer 11

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) uses antibodies to detect the cellular/tissue distribution of a protein of interest in a tissue

Question 12

Identify the steps IHC process

Answer 12

Blocking
Antigen binding 1
Antigen binding 2
Antibody visualisation

Question 13

What happens during blocking

Answer 13

the activity of any enzymes in the tissue are “blocked” (inhibited), to minimise false-positive staining.

Question 14

What happens during antigen binding 1

Answer 14

a target-specific antibody is added to the slide

Question 15

What happens during antigen binding 2

Answer 15

second antibody is added to the slide. This second antibody is linked to an enzyme which will aid with antibody visualisation

Question 16

what happens in antibody visualisation

Answer 16

dye is added to the slide and protein turns brown

Question 17

Identify the steps of western immunoblotting

Answer 17

Protein separation
Protein transfer
Protein detection
Protein visualisation

Question 18

What is the purpose of ELISA test

Answer 18

detect and quantitate soluble substances (e.g. antibodies, antigens, other proteins, hormones) in biological fluids

Question 19

What is the purpose of flow cytometry

Answer 19

measure and analyse the physical and chemical characteristics of individual cells as they flow past a series of lasers

Question 20

in vitro means

Answer 20

study the behavior of cells in a controlled environment outside of its native environment

Question 21

in vivo means

Answer 21

l use of genetically similar animals in a laboratory environment to alter/knock genes

Question 22

list the main ethical theories

Answer 22

consequentialism
deontology
virtue ethics

Question 23

describe consequentialism

Answer 23

utilitarianism
-bring about the best possible consequences
-minimise harm

Question 24

describe deontology

Answer 24

consequences alone do not determine the rightness of an action rather the action itself does

Question 25

describe virtue ethics

Answer 25

character not action is the main aim of moral attention