Week 2 MCQ Flashcards
What is the most common type of seizure in children? simple partial seizure complex partial seizure petit mal seizure grand mal seizure myoclonus
c
Terbutaline: can only be given prior to an asthma attack
- is most commonly given by intravenous injection
- is a β2-adrenoceptor antagonist
- is shorter acting than salmeterol
- acts mainly by decreasing the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells
d
Which of the following side effects is not associated with long-term intake of corticosteroids?
hypertension
hyperkalaemia
osteoporosis
adrenal suppression
hyperglycaemia
hyperkalaemia
Which of the following is TRUE?
- Bisquaternary amines are less potent than monoquaternary amines.
- All neuromuscular blockers possess a quaternary nitrogen group.
- Succinylcholine is made up of two pairs of acetylcholine molecules.
- Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents are pachycurares.
- The neuromuscular blockers bind to the beta subunit of the nicotinic receptors.
b
Which ONE of the following effects CANNOT be attributed to alcohol?
- an increase in plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
- decreased platelet aggregation
- cerebellar degeneration (with chronic use)
- central nervous system depression
- vasoconstriction
vasoconstriction Response Feedback: Alcohol might make you feel warm but you lose heat quicker. Why?
Which of the following agents is an organophosphate insecticide:
propoxur
malathion
physostigmine
carbaryl
bendiocarb
b
Question 7 Which of the following directly causes the greatest number of human fatalities in Australia?
- irukandji (Carukia barnsi) stings
- hymenopteran stings
- marine cone snail stings
- Inland taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus) bites
- ciguatera poisoning
b
Which of the following statements concerning adrenergic receptors is INCORRECT? Activation of:
- alpha-1 adrenoceptors causes vasoconstriction of gut capillaries
- alpha-1 adrenoceptors causes miosis
- beta-1 adrenoceptors increases the force of cardiac contractility
- beta-1 adrenoceptors leads to an increase in heart rate
- beta-2 adrenoceptors produces bronchodilation
b
Which of the following is TRUE about leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs)?
- LTRAs stimulate cysteinyl leukotriene-1 receptor
- LTRAs mitigate the effects of eicosanoids
- Nedocromil is a typical leukotriene receptor blocker
- LTRAs are more efficacious in the late phase of asthma
- LTRAs are the drugs of choice for acute attacks of asthma
b
Organophosphate insecticides:
- all contain chrysanthemic acid
- were developed by Sumitomo and the Rothampsted Experimental Station around the same time
- include parathion and malathion
- are persistent in the environment
- inhibit the voltage-gated sodium channel
c
Which of the following drugs is used mainly as a bronchodilator drug during an acute attack of asthma?
- hydrocortisone
- beclomethasone
- budesonide
- salbutamol
- disodium
- cromoglycate
d
Which of the following agents acts by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase?
permethrin
physostigmine
deltamethrin
imidacloprid
fipronil
b
he parasympathetic division of the ANS is also known as thoracolumbar autonomic nervous system has acetylcholine as the predominant neurotransmitter in preganglionic synapses has long post-ganglionic fibres has short pre-ganglionic fibres has a row of ganglia located next to the spinal column
has acetylcholine as the predominant neurotransmitter in preganglionic synapses
Which of the following is NOT a pharmacological effect of pethidine? sedation dry mouth hallucination urticaria restlessness
sedation
Which of the following is a possible mechanism of action of antiepileptic drugs? opening of sodium channels inhibition of GABA activity inhibition of excitatory neurotransmitter (like glutamate) activity enhancement of calcium channel transport blockade of potassium channels
c
hich of the following is not mediated by beta 2 adrenoceptors?
glycogenolysis
muscle tremors
bronchodilation
vasodilation
increased chronotropy
increased chronotropy
Atracurium:
- is a non-competitive neuromuscular blocker
- cannot be reversed with a cholinesterase enzyme inhibitor
- is a depolarising neuromuscular blocker
- is not safe in patients with impaired renal or hepatic function
- can cause hypotension at paralytic doses
can cause hypotension at paralytic doses
Intravenous naloxone injection can reverse the severe respiratory depression induced by _______ poisoning.
cocaine
heroin
tricyclic
antidepressants
amphetamine
paracetamol
b
Which of the following is both a partial agonist at mu receptors and a kappa receptor antagonist? buprenorphine
pentazocine
nalbuphine
nalorphine naloxone
buprenorphine
Acetylcholine is not the predominant neurotransmitter in
- sympathetic autonomic ganglia neuromuscular junctions
- parasympathetic neuroeffector junctions
- parasympathetic autonomic ganglia
- sympathetic neuroeffector junctions
sympathetic neuroeffector junctions
Question 21 Which of the following is FALSE?
- The sympathetic ANS is comprised of noradrenergic neurons only.
- Activation of presynaptic alpha2 receptors decreases noradrenaline release.
- Neuronal reuptake of noradrenaline is a slow presynaptic process.
- Neuronal reuptake can be blocked by cocaine.
- Tyrosine is the precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
a
Which of the following is a corticosteroid drug normally given by the oral route in cases of severe asthma?
salbutamol
budesonide
beclomethasone
prednisone
disodium
cromoglycate
prednisone
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
Tolerance to opioids is delayed by a few weeks.
Dependence on opioids occurs mainly with _ receptors .
Due to its long half-life, naloxone can be given to detoxified patients.
Physical dependence is the more likely cause of opioid addiction.
Tolerance is due to desensitisation of mu receptors.
Tolerance is due to desensitisation of mu receptors.
Ester-type of local anaesthetics are
- rapidly hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterases
- have shorter half-lives
- are hydrolyzed by cytochrome P450
- undergo dealkylation
- are typically more potent
have shorter half-lives
Which matching terms are CORRECT?
A. halothane : lowest risk of myocardial depression
B. nitrous oxide : coronary steal
C. sevoflurane : highest risk of laryngospasm
D. nitrous oxide : increased sympathetic discharge
E. sevoflurane : highest risk of arrhythmia
nitrous oxide : increased sympathetic discharge
Which of the following is a leptocurare?
suxamethonium
pancuronium.
atracurium
vercuronium
rocuronium
Any of a group of depolarising blockers, such as succinyl-choline, that have a long, thin, flexible structure.
suxamethonium
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding sedative-hypnotics?
Their mechanism of tolerance is still unclear.
Compared to opioids, withdrawal to benzodiazepines is delayed.
Tolerance and dependence occur with all benzodiazepines.
Zolpidem non-selectively binds to alpha 1-3 and alpha 5 subunits of GABA receptor.
The effects of benzodiazepines, zolpidem and zopiclone are reversed by flumazenil.
Zolpidem non-selectively binds to alpha 1-3 and alpha 5 subunits of GABA receptor.
Which ONE of the following statements is INCORRECT? In epileptic women undergoing antiepileptic drug treatment:
drug therapy should be stopped during pregnancy
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the mechanism of action of antiepileptic drugs?
increased GABA transaminase activity leading to increased GABA degradati
Pharmacologic effects of b2-adrenoceptor agonists can include all of the following EXCEPT?
yperkalemia and hypoglycaemia
TRUE about barbiturates?
Barbiturate overdose can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular depression.
NOT an adverse effect of local anaesthetics, excluding cocaine?
hypertension
Which of the following is TRUE about local anaesthetics?
A higher pKa relative to the local pH favours the ionised, hydrophilic state
Which of the following statements regarding benzodiazepines is CORRECT?
The elderly are less susceptible to the CNS depressant effects of benzodiazepines.
Benzodiazepines allosterically inhibit the GABA-A receptor.
Flumazenil, a GABA receptor antagonist, is the treatment of choice for benzodiazepine overdose.
Their duration of action of benzodiazepines is directly related to the half-life of elimination of the parent drug
Benzodiazepines weakly bind to plasma proteins like albumin.
Flumazenil, a GABA receptor antagonist, is the treatment of choice for benzodiazepine overdose.
Which of the following is an adverse effect of depolarizing NMBs?
malignant hyperthermia
Which ONE of the following statements is INCORRECT?
Correct A low expression of the aldehyde dehydrogenase in the liver results in an accumulation of alcohol Response Feedback: Have a look at the two major enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism again. Think about what is the substrate and what is the product.
Which stage of anaesthesia is associated with overdose leading to cardiorespiratory collapse?
Stage 4
