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Pharmacology 1 > Pharmacokinetics 1 > Flashcards

Pharmacokinetics 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Solving for pH, what is the Henderson-Hasselbach equation for weak bases?

A

pH = pKa + log10[BH+ /B]

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2
Q

Can you use IM or subcutaneous injections for large volumes?

A

You cannot.

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3
Q

When performing IM or subcutaneous injections, some drugs cause _______ and _______ at the injection site.

A

Pain and necrosis at the injection site.

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4
Q

The pH surrounding a drug can affect what pharmacokinetic processes?

Hint: Pharmacokinetic processes are ADME.

A

Absorption
Distribution
Excretion

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5
Q

Oral bioavailability is determined by what ratio?

A

Coral / Cintravenous

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6
Q

All IM and subcutanoues injections are quickly absorbed, true or false?

A

False, some subcutaneous/IM injections can be repository preparations that are slow and sustained releasing.

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7
Q

If you acidify the urine, this will increase the excretion of which of the following?

(a) Weak acids
(b) Weak bases

A

Weak bases.

The increase in H+ groups causes them to bind to weak bases, meaning they become more ionised. Molecules that are more ionised are more readily excreted in the urine.

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8
Q

Rectal drugs are only good for systemic effect, true or false?

A

False. They can be used for local or systemic effect.

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9
Q

What are some benefits to IV administration:

  1. No _______ phase
  2. Useful for ______ _______
  3. _______ concentration in the blood, _______
  4. Allows for _________
A
  1. No absorption phase
  2. Useful for large volumes
  3. High concentration in the blood, rapidly
  4. Allows for titration
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10
Q

Terminating exposure to drugs that are administered rectally is considered _________.

A

Easy.

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11
Q

Name the eight methods of drug delivery:

A
  1. Oral
  2. Sublingual
  3. Intravenous
  4. Intramuscular
  5. Subcutaneous (arguably related to IM)
  6. Rectal
  7. Spinal/Epidural
  8. Topical
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12
Q

What are the six issues with oral administration of drugs?

  1. _______ pass ________
  2. Irregular ________
  3. _______ irritation
  4. _______ pH may cause ________ __________
  5. _______ size
  6. _______ ________
A
  1. First pass metabolism
  2. Irregular absorption
  3. Gatric irritation
  4. Low pH may cause drug inactivation
  5. Particle/molecule size
  6. Patient compliance
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13
Q

Spinal/Epidural anaesthetics are preferred over GA in what kinds of surgeries?

A

Lower abdominal, lower limb, child birth.

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14
Q

Sublingual administration has what benefits?

  1. ______ absorption
  2. Avoids exposure to ______ _______
  3. Avoids _______ _______ _______
A
  1. Rapid absorption
  2. Avoids exposure to gastric pH
  3. Avoids first pass metabolism
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15
Q

Which diffusion mechanism is the most common way in which drugs cross lipid membranes?

A

Passive diffusion.

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16
Q

Topical drugs are applied to ______ _______

A

Mucosal membranes.

17
Q

Weak acids tend to accumulate in body compartments with what sort of pH? Why?

A

Body compartments with high pH. The high pH causes them to become ionised and means it is harder for them to cross lipid membrane barriers into other compartments.

18
Q

What is the most important factor for the absorption of drugs via the oral route?

A

Surface area. The surface that is in contact with the drug. This is why you are asked to take drugs with a glass of water, it increases the surface area of the drug in contact with the GIT.

19
Q

A topical drug can be used only for local effect, true or false?

A

False. A topical drug can be used for local or systemic effect.

20
Q

Weak bases tend to accumulate in body compartments with what kind of pH? Why?

A

Low pH. This means they can become ionised and hence become harder for them to cross lipid membrane barriers, leading to them accumulating in that compartment.

21
Q

IV injection is not suitable for what kind of solutions?

A

Oily or poorly soluble drugs.

22
Q

A topical drug used for systemic effect is termed _______.

A

Transdermal.

23
Q

If you increase plasma pH, in which direction will drug movement occur?

(a) CNS to plasma
(b) Plasma to CNS

A

(a) CNS to plasma

24
Q

True or false, there is first pass metabolism for transdermal drugs.

A

False.

25
Q

IM or subcutaneous injections can or cannot be used for poorly soluble solutions?

A

Can be used for poorly soluble solutions.

26
Q

f you decrease the plasma pH, in which direction will drug movement occur?

(a) CNS to plasma
(b) Plasma to CNS

A

Plasma to CNS

27
Q

What are the two qualities that a drug must satisfy to be topical?

A

Potent and lipophillic.

28
Q

Solving for pH, what is the Henderson-Hasselbach equation for weak acids?

A

pH = pKa + log10[AH/A-]

29
Q

If you alkanise the urine, the excretion of which will increase?

(a) Weak acids
(b) Weak bases

A

Weak acids.

This is because they will then donate their protons to the free hydroxyl groups and become more ionised. The more ionised a drug, the more readily it is excreted

Pharmacology 1 (22 decks)

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