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Pharmacology 1 > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What is required for the function of glitazone medications?

A

The presence of insulin.

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2
Q

What do alpha gluconidase inhibitor drugs aim to achieve physiologically?

A

Decrease carbohydrate absorption, bringing down post-prandial BGL.

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3
Q

The two drugs used to increase insulin secretion are?

A

Suphonylurea and glitinides.

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4
Q

What is the name of the insulin analogue that has a quicker onset than insulin itself?

A

Insulin lispro.

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5
Q

What is GLP-1? What is its function?

A

A naturally produced peptide by intestinal L-cells. It helps supress glucagon release and stimulates insulin release.

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6
Q

Suphonylurea and metformin can be used by themselves but musn’t be used in combination with one another. True or false?

A

False.

Suphonylurea and metformin are often used in combination with one another.

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7
Q

What are the three sites for insulin injection?

A

Abdominal wall.
Legs.
Buttocks.

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8
Q

Name the drugs that are analogues of GLP-1.

A

Exenatide and exendin-4.

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9
Q

Gestational diabetes is due to what two factors?

A

Pregnancy hormone changes and excessive weight gain.

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10
Q

Suphonylurea drugs are used to treat what? And what do they require in order to function?

A

Type 2 DM.

Require the presence of functional pancreatic beta cells.

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11
Q

What is the name of the DDP-4 inhibitor drug used to treat DM?

A

Saxagliptin

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12
Q

Metformin, the biguanide type 2 DM medication, functions by?

A 
Increased GLUT4 activity.
Decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis.
Decreased glucose absorption from GIT.
Decreased appetite.
Decreased blood lipid levels > Decreased insulin signal blocking.
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13
Q

Type 2 DM is physiologically due to what two factors?

A

Insulin resistance, occurring due to triglyceride storage blocking insulin signalling.

Decrease in insulin secretion.

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14
Q

What is the function of DDP-4 inhibitors?

A

They inhibit the enzymes that are responsible for breaking down GLP-1.

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15
Q

Name the glitinide drug.

A

Repaglinide.

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16
Q

When is metformin contraindicated?

A

Renal disease
Severe cardio-respiratory disease
Metabolic acidosis
Alcohol abuse

17
Q

SGLT2 inhibitors aim to do what?

A

Inhibit the glucose transporter in the kidney, SGLT2. 90% of the glucose reabsorbed in the kidneys is done so through the SGLT2 transporter.

18
Q

Glitinides function how? What are they used to simulate?

A

Close the ATP activated K+ channel. Used to simulate the post prandial insulin response.

19
Q

Type 1 DM is due to what?

A

Pancreatic beta cell destruction, caused by an autoimmune reaction.

The autoimmune reaction can be initiated by an environmental non-infectious or infectious agent.

20
Q

Name the SGLT2 inhibitors.

A

Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin.

21
Q

Name the three suphonylurea drugs.

A

Glipizide
Glimepride
Glicazide

22
Q

Name the alpha-gluconidase inhibitor drug.

A

Acarbose.

23
Q

Name the two glitazone medications.

A

Rosaglitazone and pioglitazone.

24
Q

The two drugs used to decrease insulin resistance are?

A

Biguanides and glitazones.

25
Q

What are the physiological effects of glitazones?

A

Increased insulin sensitivity.

Decreased liver glucose production.

26
Q

he first choice of drugs used for the Rx of type 2 DM is called ________ and is of the group called _______

A

Metformin

Biguanides

27
Q

Drugs used to delay carbohydrate absorption are called?

A

Alpha gluconidase inhibitor

28
Q

Name the drugs that are analogues of GLP-1.

A

Exenatide and exendin-4.

29
Q

What do alpha gluconidase inhibitor drugs aim to achieve physiologically?

A

Decrease carbohydrate absorption, bringing down post-prandial BGL.

30
Q

What is the name of the DDP-4 inhibitor drug used to treat DM?

A

Saxagliptin

31
Q

What is GLP-1? What is its function?

A

A naturally produced peptide by intestinal L-cells. It helps supress glucagon release and stimulates insulin release

32
Q

What is the function of DDP-4 inhibitors?

A

They inhibit the enzymes that are responsible for breaking down GLP-1.

33
Q

Name the SGLT2 inhibitors.

A

Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin.

34
Q

SGLT2 inhibitors aim to do what?

A

Inhibit the glucose transporter in the kidney, SGLT2. 90% of the glucose reabsorbed in the kidneys is done so through the SGLT2 transporter.

Pharmacology 1 (22 decks)

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