Diabetes Flashcards
What is required for the function of glitazone medications?
The presence of insulin.
What do alpha gluconidase inhibitor drugs aim to achieve physiologically?
Decrease carbohydrate absorption, bringing down post-prandial BGL.
The two drugs used to increase insulin secretion are?
Suphonylurea and glitinides.
What is the name of the insulin analogue that has a quicker onset than insulin itself?
Insulin lispro.
What is GLP-1? What is its function?
A naturally produced peptide by intestinal L-cells. It helps supress glucagon release and stimulates insulin release.
Suphonylurea and metformin can be used by themselves but musn’t be used in combination with one another. True or false?
False.
Suphonylurea and metformin are often used in combination with one another.
What are the three sites for insulin injection?
Abdominal wall.
Legs.
Buttocks.
Name the drugs that are analogues of GLP-1.
Exenatide and exendin-4.
Gestational diabetes is due to what two factors?
Pregnancy hormone changes and excessive weight gain.
Suphonylurea drugs are used to treat what? And what do they require in order to function?
Type 2 DM.
Require the presence of functional pancreatic beta cells.
What is the name of the DDP-4 inhibitor drug used to treat DM?
Saxagliptin
Metformin, the biguanide type 2 DM medication, functions by?
Increased GLUT4 activity. Decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis. Decreased glucose absorption from GIT. Decreased appetite. Decreased blood lipid levels > Decreased insulin signal blocking.
Type 2 DM is physiologically due to what two factors?
Insulin resistance, occurring due to triglyceride storage blocking insulin signalling.
Decrease in insulin secretion.
What is the function of DDP-4 inhibitors?
They inhibit the enzymes that are responsible for breaking down GLP-1.
Name the glitinide drug.
Repaglinide.
When is metformin contraindicated?
Renal disease
Severe cardio-respiratory disease
Metabolic acidosis
Alcohol abuse
SGLT2 inhibitors aim to do what?
Inhibit the glucose transporter in the kidney, SGLT2. 90% of the glucose reabsorbed in the kidneys is done so through the SGLT2 transporter.
Glitinides function how? What are they used to simulate?
Close the ATP activated K+ channel. Used to simulate the post prandial insulin response.
Type 1 DM is due to what?
Pancreatic beta cell destruction, caused by an autoimmune reaction.
The autoimmune reaction can be initiated by an environmental non-infectious or infectious agent.
Name the SGLT2 inhibitors.
Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin.
Name the three suphonylurea drugs.
Glipizide
Glimepride
Glicazide
Name the alpha-gluconidase inhibitor drug.
Acarbose.
Name the two glitazone medications.
Rosaglitazone and pioglitazone.
The two drugs used to decrease insulin resistance are?
Biguanides and glitazones.
What are the physiological effects of glitazones?
Increased insulin sensitivity.
Decreased liver glucose production.
he first choice of drugs used for the Rx of type 2 DM is called ________ and is of the group called _______
Metformin
Biguanides
Drugs used to delay carbohydrate absorption are called?
Alpha gluconidase inhibitor
Name the drugs that are analogues of GLP-1.
Exenatide and exendin-4.
What do alpha gluconidase inhibitor drugs aim to achieve physiologically?
Decrease carbohydrate absorption, bringing down post-prandial BGL.
What is the name of the DDP-4 inhibitor drug used to treat DM?
Saxagliptin
What is GLP-1? What is its function?
A naturally produced peptide by intestinal L-cells. It helps supress glucagon release and stimulates insulin release
What is the function of DDP-4 inhibitors?
They inhibit the enzymes that are responsible for breaking down GLP-1.
Name the SGLT2 inhibitors.
Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin.
SGLT2 inhibitors aim to do what?
Inhibit the glucose transporter in the kidney, SGLT2. 90% of the glucose reabsorbed in the kidneys is done so through the SGLT2 transporter.
