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Fall 2014: Anatomy & Kinesiology > Week 2: Kinetics > Flashcards

Week 2: Kinetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for the displacement of a body or one of it’s segments from one point to another?

A

Motion

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2
Q

Linear motion is also known as what type of motion?

A

Translational Motion

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3
Q

Movement around an axis is known as this type of motion?

A

Rotational Motion

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4
Q

Movement around joints is usually what kind of motion?

A

Rotational

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5
Q

True or False: Movement is a combination of rotational and translational?

A

True

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6
Q

Linear or Translational Motion is measured in what?

A

Meters AND/OR feet per second

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7
Q

Rotational Motion is measured in what?

A

Degrees (for ROM) per second

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8
Q

What is the term for the distance that a force moves a body?

A

Magnitude

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9
Q

True or False: Direction of motion cannot be positive and negative

A

False

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10
Q

What is the term for the rate at which the body or segments move?

A

Velocity

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11
Q

What is the term for a push or pull that produces displacement?

A

Force

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12
Q

What is the term for the motion of a body or segment that occurs when force is applied?

A

Displacement

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13
Q

What is the term for when a system is in balance?

A

Equilibrium

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14
Q

What is the term for the amount of matter contained within an object?

A

Mass

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15
Q

True or False: Mass is a variable amount

A

False, it is constant

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16
Q

What is the term for the force of gravity on an object which changes depending on gravitational pull?

A

Weight

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17
Q

What is the term for the elements that produce force on bone segments by active contraction and passive stretching?

A

Muscles

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18
Q

Four primary forces?

A
  1. Gravity
  2. Muscles
  3. Externally Applied Resistance
  4. Friction
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19
Q

What is the result of force acting at a distance from the point of motion or the axis

A

Moment

20
Q

What is the moment equation?

A

Moment = distance x force

21
Q

What is the force equation?

A

Force = mass of an object x acceleration of an object

22
Q

2 elements that help express “force”?

A
  1. Magnitude

2. Rate of change

23
Q

Law of Inertia/Equilibrium?

A

Newton’s Law (Law #1) that states that a body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion will stay in motion until an outside force acts upon it

24
Q

Newton’s second law of motion?

A

The acceleration of a body is proportionate to the magnitude of the forces acting on it and inversely proportionate to the mass of the body
–> a greater force is required to move a larger mass

25
Q

Newton’s third law of motion?

A

For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force

26
Q

What is the term for a simple machine consisting of a rigid bar that rotates around a fulcrum or axis?

A

Lever

27
Q

3 elements of mechanical levers?

A
  1. Axis
  2. Resistance Arm (RA)
  3. Force Arm (FA)
28
Q

First class lever?

A

Axis is in the middle of the FA and RA

29
Q

Second class lever?

A

The RA lies between the axis and the FA; the RA is always closer to the axis than the FA

30
Q

Why does the RA have the advantage in a second class lever?

A

Because with its location closer to the axis, larger weights can be moved using smaller amount of force

31
Q

Third class lever?

A

The FA lies between the axis and RA; the RA is longer than the FA so it has the advantage

32
Q

What’s the most common lever type in the body?

A

Third

33
Q

What is the equation for calculating mechanical advantage?

A

Force Arm length/Resistance Arm length

34
Q

What is mechanical advantage?

A

the ability to counter resistive forces in a lever system

35
Q

FA>RA

A

greater than 1

2nd class

36
Q

FA<RA

A

less than 1

3rd class

37
Q

FA=RA

A

equal

1st class

38
Q

What is torque?

A

The rotary force around an axis

39
Q

True or False: Torque is greater near the axis; as opposed to further out?

A

False; Torque is greater further out

40
Q

True or False: if torque is the same, force required near the axis is greater than further out?

A

True

41
Q

What’s the term for the point where the mass of the body is equally distributed; it is constantly changing?

A

Center of Mass (COM)

42
Q

What’s the term for the direction where the mass of the body is equally distributed against gravity; this cannot be controlled

A

Center of Gravity (COG)

43
Q

What’s the term for the area that has the greatest amount of stability within the body?

A

Base of Support

44
Q

For the greatest amount of stability, what two things must be close to one another?

A

COG and BOS

45
Q

With regards to levers, what is the resistance force?

A

Weight

46
Q

With regards to levers, what is the force arm refer to?

A

Moving force

Fall 2014: Anatomy & Kinesiology (12 decks)

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