Week 12: Knee, ankle, and foot

Question 1

What is the tibial tuberosity an insertion point for?

Answer 1

Quadriceps tendons

Question 2

3 joints within the knee?

Answer 2

tibiofemoral (2; 1 medial and 1 lateral)
patellofemoral
tibiofibular

Question 3

4 connective tissues within the knee

Answer 3

joint capsule
menisci
retinaculum
ligaments

Question 4

What type of joint is the knee?

Answer 4

modified hinge joint

Question 5

What are the sesmoid attachments of the patella?

Answer 5

quad and patellar tendons to the tibial tuberosity

Question 6

2 functions of the patella?

Answer 6

extend the lever arm of the quad

distribute compression of the femur

Question 7

Where does the patella move with flexion? extension?

Answer 7

flex- inferior

ext- superior

Question 8

What is the function of the MCL?

Answer 8

• Prevents excess valgus force

- Taunt with extension

Question 9

What is the function of the LCL?

Answer 9

• Prevents excess varus force & external rotation
• Taunt with extension
• Assisted by ITB

Question 10

What is another name for bow legged?

Answer 10

varus

Question 11

What is another name for knock knees?

Answer 11

valgus

Question 12

What is the function of the ACL?

Answer 12

• Prevents excess anterior displacement of tibia on femur
• Also prevents IR & ER
• Taunt: Extension
• Assisted by the hamstrings

Question 13

What is the function of the PCL?

Answer 13

• Prevents excess posterior displacement of tibia on femur
• Taunt:
• Anterior portion w/ mid-flexion
• Posterior portion w/ full flexion

Question 14

Why is the PCL less likely to be damaged?

Answer 14

stronger

more useful for open chain activities

Question 15

What are the passive and active components of the anterior knee joint?

Answer 15

P: ACL, patella
A: quad

Question 16

What are the passive and active components of the posterior knee joint?

Answer 16

P: PCL, extensor retinaculum, posterior capsule
A: gastroc, popliteus, hamstrings

Question 17

Normal knee flexion measurements? Extension/

Answer 17

flex- 120-145*

Exten- 0-10*

Question 18

With an open chain knee motion, what happens arthro-kinematically?

Answer 18

Condyles slide in same direction as bone

Roll in opposite direction

Question 19

With an closed chain knee motion, what happens arthro-kinematically?

Answer 19

Condyles slide in opposite direction as bone

Roll in same direction

Question 20

Why is the screw home mechanism important?

Answer 20

• It provides extra stability and mechanism for IR and ER

- it is responsible for locking the knee

Question 21

when does the screw home mechanism occur

Answer 21

at about 20* of knee flexion and full extension

Question 22

What muscle unlocks the knee?

Answer 22

popliteus

Question 23

With the open chain movement, what occurs in the screw home mechanism?

Answer 23

tibia ER/lateral rotates

Question 24

With the closed chain movement, what occurs in the screw home mechanism?

Answer 24

femur IR/medial rotates

Question 25

Attachments of the popliteus?

Answer 25

Lateral epicondyle femur (lateral meniscus)

Proximal posteromedial tibia

Question 26

Actions (2) of the popliteus?

Answer 26

• Knee flexion

- IR tibia w/ knee flexion

Question 27

Innervation of popliteus?

Answer 27

Tibial N.

Question 28

If you have a genu valgum position, where do you think the traction and compression occurs?

Answer 28

traction on LCL

compression on MCL

Question 29

If you have a genu varus position, where do you think the traction and compression occurs?

Answer 29

traction on MCL

compression on LCL

Question 30

What is genu recurvatum?

Answer 30

knee hyper-extension

Question 31

What is a Q-Angle? What is it associated with?

Answer 31

• alignment for the quadriceps

- genu valgum because it creates a patellar sublux position