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Fall 2014: Anatomy & Kinesiology > Week 1: Kinematics > Flashcards

Week 1: Kinematics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the application of the principles of mechanics to the living human body?

A

Biomechanics

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2
Q

What is kinetics?

A

Forces that produce or resist mvmt like gravity

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3
Q

What is kinematics?

A
  • How we describe motion
  • direction and quality of motion
  • Types of motion or mvmt w/o regard for the forces that produce that motion
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4
Q

What are 2 types of kinematics?

A
  1. Osteokinematics

2. Arthrokinematics

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5
Q

What is gross mvmt of the bones at a joint?

A

Osteokinematics

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6
Q

Describe arthrokinematics

A

Small mvmts occurring w/in the joint and joint surface

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7
Q

Circumduction is a joint action (T/F)

A

False: Circumduction is a combo of mvmts

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8
Q

Name the 3 planes and how they cut the body

A
  1. Sagittal –> divides into R/L
  2. Frontal/coronal –> divides into anterior/posterior
  3. Horizontal/transverse –> divides into upper/lower
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9
Q

What mvmt is seen in sagittal plane? (2)

A
  • primarily flexion/extension

- exception is thumb which abducts/adducts

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10
Q

What mvmt is seen in frontal plane? (4)

A
  • Primarily abduction/adduction
  • Radial/ulnar deviation of wrist
  • Flexion/extension of thumb
  • Lateral flexion of neck and trunk
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11
Q

What mvmt is seen in the transverse plane? (2)

A
  • External/internal rotation

- Pronation/supination

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12
Q

Name the 3 axis

A
  1. Medial -lateral
  2. Vertical
  3. Anterior -Posterior
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13
Q

Describe orientation of medial-lateral axis

A
  • axis is parallel to frontal plane

- mvmt is in the sagittal plane (mostly flex/extend)

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14
Q

Describe orientation of vertical axis

A
  • axis is oriented up and down like a pole thru your head to feet
  • mvmts occur in the horizontal/transverse plane (like cervical rotation)
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15
Q

Describe orientation of anterior/posterior axis

A
  • axis is parallel with sagittal plane

- mvmts occur in frontal plane

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16
Q

Mvmt generally occurs in one plane (T/F)

A

False

Mvmt usually occurs in multiple planes and at various axis

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17
Q

What are the 2 types of osteokinematics and which is more common?

A
  1. Translatory motion

2. Rotary motion (more common but they usually occur together)

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18
Q

What is translatory motion?

A
  • Motion occurs along or parallel to an axis

- All points travel the same distance, same direction, same velocity at the same time

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19
Q

What is rotary motion?

A
  • Motion occurs in a circle around an axis

- Move at different velocities, and velocity varies depending on the distance from the axis of motion

20
Q

Explain degrees of freedom (DOF)

A
  • number of planes that a joint moves w/in or the axes of a joint
21
Q

What is the max DOF?

A

3

22
Q

How many DOF does a hinge or pivot joint have?

A
  • 1 DOF

- joint moves in 1 plane, around 1 axis

23
Q

What type of joints are condyloid, ellipsoid and saddle joints and how many DOF do they have?

A
  • biaxial

- 2 DOF = move in 2 planes around 2 axes

24
Q

Describe and name a triaxial joint

A
  • joint moves in 3 planes, around 3 axes
  • 3 DOF
  • Ex. ball and socket (shoulder + hip)
25
Q

Describe circumduction

A

• Motion in which the moving segment follows a circular path
• Combination of all three planes of motion
- occurs in triaxial joints

26
Q

How many DOF does the forearm have?

  • ->What kind of joint is it?
  • ->What are the functions?
A

1 DOF

pivot joint

27
Q

How many DOF does the wrist have?

  • ->What kind of joint is it?
  • ->What are the functions?
A
  • 2 DOF
  • ellipsoidal joint
  • flex/extend; ulnar and radial deviation
28
Q

How many DOF does the CMC have?

  • ->What kind of joint is it?
  • ->What are the functions?
A
  • 2 DOF but 3 mvmts
  • flex/extend; abduct/adduct; opposition
  • saddle joint
29
Q

How many DOF does the MCP have?

  • ->What kind of joint is it?
  • ->What are the functions?
A
  • 2 DOF
  • flex/extend; abduct/adduct
  • condyloid joint
30
Q

How many DOF does the knee have?

  • ->What kind of joint is it?
  • ->What are the functions?
A
  • 2 DOF
  • flex/extend; abduct/adduct
  • condyloid joint
31
Q

How many DOF does the proximal/distal interphalageal have?

  • ->What kind of joint is it?
  • ->What are the functions?
A
  • 1 DOF
  • flex/extend
  • hinge joint
32
Q

What is a valuable clinical measurement tool used to define the quantity of joint motion?

A

Goniometry

33
Q

What is open chain and give an example?

A
  • distal segments move independently in space

- ex. reaching up above your head

34
Q

What is a positive of open chain and a positive of closed chain?

A
  • open chain: increases flexibility and variation of mvmt

- closed chain: increases stability of joint; usually will not get hurt in this position

35
Q

What is closed chain and give an example?

A
  • distal segments are fixed and proximal segments move in unison
  • Ex. pushup or squat
36
Q

Is arthrokinematics voluntary mvmt?

A

No, it is not voluntary but it is vital for normal joint function and mobility

37
Q

What is arthrokinematics?

A
  • Looks at the way that two articulating joint surfaces move on each other
  • looks at the structure and function
38
Q

What are Synarthrodial joints and give an example?

A
  • Stabilizing joints which allow for little movement

- ex. sutures of skull

39
Q

Describe diarthrodial joints

A

o Primarily provide mobility and not very stable
o Surrounded by synovial membrane and joint capsule
- Ex. knee

40
Q

What type of joint provides both stability and mobility?

A
  • amphiarthrodial joint

- both fibrous and hyaline cartilage like vertebrae discs

41
Q

Describe the 2 layers in joint capsule of diarthrodial joints

A
  1. stratum fibrosum = outer, thicker layer for stability

2. stratum synovium = inner thinner layer; highly vascularized, produces and secretes synovial fluid

42
Q

What are the 3 mvmts w/in arthrokinematic joint?

A
  1. rolling
  2. sliding
  3. spinning
43
Q

What position provides the max surface area contact in a diarthrodial joint?

A

close packed

44
Q

Where are the proprioceptors for the joint angle located?

A

stratum fibrosum

45
Q

What joint position allows for rolling, spinning, and sliding?

A

open packed

Fall 2014: Anatomy & Kinesiology (12 decks)

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