Week 2: Guerrero article interpersonal func of nonverbal coms Flashcards
What are the 4 primary functions of non-verbal communication (4)
- Forming impressions
- Developing and maintaining relationships
- Sending messages related to dominance
- Expressing emotion
What are the 2 different perspective within analyzing non-verbal comms?
1 = message perspective; non-verbal comms are all comms different from words and are intentional
2 = complementary perspective; non-verbal comms are all behaviors intentionally being sent or seen as meaningful by the receiver
what are thin slice impressions
judgements of a person based on a short sample
What are static cues in impression formation?
physical attributes of an individual (height, width, attractiveness and so forth)
What are dynamic cues in impression formation?
attributes of an individual that are subject to change during an interaction (tone of voice, facial expressions)hat is th
What is the “what beautiful is good” hypothesis? (also know as beauty bias)
People looking good must have positive characteristics such as social attributes and cognitive attributes
Between cognitive and social attributes, which one does the beauty bias or what is beautiful is good hypothesis influence more?
Social attributes over cognitive attributes
What does the ‘matching hypothesis’ entail?
Individuals date other individuals that have about the same level of attractiveness out of fear of rejection
What does the ‘what sounds beautiful is good’ hypothesis entail? (2)
- individuals with an attractive voice are better judged on characteristics such as friendliness and reliability.
- People feel more equal when interacting with individuals that have an attractive voice
What does the interaction appearance theory entail?
Interaction modifies the initial impressions people formed based on attractiveness and thus alters the attraction rating
What are the 4 principles of interaction appearance theory describing how that works? (4)
- People believe ideal partner is physical attractive and a good communicator
- People communicate with everyone, also those not attractive
- If someone is an excellent communicator but is not attractive, individuals are challenged in their initial beliefs having an inconsistency
- Thus they change their rating of attractiveness to solve the inconsistency
Within interaction appearance theory, which effect is larger ?negative interaction or positive interaction
negative interaction has a stronger effect on physical appearance ratings
what are positive involvement behaviors?
nonverbal cues that communicate liking and involvement
What is nonverbal escalation and why is this a paradox? (2)
- nonverbal immediacy cues increase as a romantic relationship escalates towards commitment and sex
- However if decreases and levels off after the relationship is fully committed?
What is social penetration theory?
Relations get closer as there is more breath, frequency and depth of self-disclosure?
What is uncertainty reduction theory?
people have an innate need to reduce uncertainty and thus have a need to explain and predict behavior of others
What are immediacy behaviors?
non-verbal cues hinting aimed at intimacy and liking
What is the difference between flirtatious behavior and positive involvement behavior?
- Flirtatious = more specific behaviors and follows a pattern of synchronization
what are the 3 components of dominance nonverbal communication?
- Poise and self-assurance
- Panache or dynamism
- Skill in interaction management
What is a positive outcome of non-verbal dominant communication
- appearing dominant can lead to attraction, however only when also seen as attractive and competent
What are some negative outcomes of non-verbal dominant communication? (2)
- negative outcomes on relationships
- Chilling effect and intimate terrorism
What is the ‘chilling’ effect?
When a person with low power in a relationship is quite and does not complain out of fear for negative consequences or because they think their efforts of speaking up will not be successful
What is intimate terrorism?
Using threats and violence to control your partner but also be really nice to compensate for bad behavior
What is relative power?
The power people have over someone else in the relationshipWh
What is dyadic power theory
people with more power in a relationship do not need to display dominant behavior because they already have control
How does the relationship between relative power and non-verbal dominance communication look like?
reversed u-shaped curvilinear relationship
There has been a lot of research about dyadic power theory. Some effects are busted or seen as not true, what are they?
- chilling effect; because people who consider themselves as the one with less relative power do display more nonverbal dominance, most likely to regain power
Emotional expressions are influenced by what 2 factors?
- Action tendencies
- Display rules
What are action tendencies in emotion expression?
born, biological impulses that are emotion specific and have evolved to be adaptive in certain situations
What are display rules in emotion expression?
Cultural guidelines for how and what individuals can show of their emotions when in a social setting
With what behaviors is smiling associated? (2)
- cooperation
- Pro-social behavior
Which is more negative for relationships? anger or contempt?
contempt; because it is associated with rejection and social exclusion
What is the facial feedback hypothesis?
moving facial muscles sends a signal to the brain, which then cause people to experience emotions consistent with the expressions formed by the facial muscles
What is the interpersonal facial feedback hypothesis?
A receiver mimicking the expressions of the sender cause the receiver to feel the same affect as the sender
What is motor-mimicry?
Receiver matches the non-verbal behavior of the sender and thus feels about the same as the sender
What is the emotional contagion effect?
people pick-up on emotions they feel around them because they mimic the non-verbal cues which in turn trigger fysiological changes
