Week 2 GI issues Flashcards
What is GERD
reflux/ heart burn (pyrosis)
What are the 5 reasons people get GERD
- weak LES
- hiated hernia
- esophagus not pushing food down
- pressure - preggers or obese
- virus/nervous system disease= delayed gastric emptying
What are the 4 complications of GERD
- ucleration/bleeding
- espohageal stricture
- barrett’s esophagus
- esophageal cancer
Does Diarrhea cause hypokalemia or hyperkalemia and why?
Diarrhea causes hypokalemia because Na+ will be held in so K+ drops
What is PUD?
mucosal layer erosion in the stomach
What are the 5 gastric agressors?
- H. Pylori
- NSAIDS
- Acid
- pepsin
- smoking
What are the 5 gastric defenses?
- Bicarb
- mucus
- prostoglandins
- blood flow
What are 3 complications of PUD?
- hemorrhage
- perforation = peritonitis
- Gastric outlet obstruction
What is the diff between gastric and duodenal PUD?
gastric = 1-2 hours
duodenal = 2-4 hours
What is appendicitis?
- blockage = cell death
- seeping = peritonitis (localized)
= peritonitis (generalized) - belly button pain
What disease do we see pain at mcBurey’s point?
appendicitis
Where is the appendix?
lower Right Quadrent
what are the Irritable bowel diseases?
- Crohn’s
- Ulcerative colitis
how do we know someone has crohn’s?
- weight loss
- nutrition issues
- fistulas
- strictures
How do we remember what crohn’s is?
Mr. Crohn travels down cobblestone streets
What gastric diseases are auto immune?
- Crohn’s
- Ulcerative colitis
What gastric diseases are bacterial, viral or chemical?
all other IBD and IBS, not crohn’s and colitis
What cause gastritis?
stress
surgery
crohn’s
alcohol
NSAIDS
h. pylori
Where is crohn’s most commonly found?
ilium - but can be anywhere
Where is ulcerative colitis usually found?
rectum
- mucosa
- submucosa
What is the usual cause of crohn’s?
genetic
what can cause gastro enteritis?
food poisining
E. coli
Cdiff
flu/virus
Which disease is rectal bleeding more common in, UC or crohn’s?
UC
What are the 3 signs of UC?
- rectal bleeding
- tenesmus spasms
- toxic megacolon
What are 5 reasons for constipation?
- Diet
- Meds
- metabolic + muscular DO
- structural + functional abnormality
- psychological reasons
What are 5 mechanical intestinal obstruction causes?
- adhesions
- tumor
- inguinal hernia
- volvulus - twisted intestine
- intussusception
What is an example of a non-mechanical/functional intestinal obstruction cause?
neurological
what is Borborygmi?
loud bowel sounds due to obstruction
What kind of poop will someone have with colorectal cancer?
ribbon like
What is the 2nd most common cause of cancer death in Canada?
colorectal
What is the most common malabsorption syndrome?
lactose intolerance
what are the 5 causes of malabsorption syndrome?
- enzyme problems - like lactase
- bacteria proliferation
- crohn’s
- lymphatic and vascular problems
- surface area loss through colectomy
What are the 4 most common malabsorption syndromes?
- lactase deficiency
- IBD
- celia
- cystic fibrosis lactase deficiency
