Week 2 - Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What is evolutionary psychology?

A

Attempts to explain how patterns of BEHAVIOUR that characterize all humans originated in the SURVIVAL value of these characteristics

Adaptiveness

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2
Q

What was the evolution of negativity bias?

A

More sensitive to AVERSIVE stimuli

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3
Q

What is the “crazy bastard” hypothesis?

A

Risk taking individuals

Signal to others worth as an ally (or dangerousness as an adversary)

We perceive them as BIGGER and STRONGER

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4
Q

What are the two GENERAL adaptations of the cultural animal?

A

Domain-specific adaptations: attributes that evolved to meet a CHALLENGE, but not useful when dealing with OTHER challenges

Domain-general adaptations: attributes that are USEFUL for dealing with VARIOUS challenges across life

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5
Q

What are the 4 domain-GENERAL adaptations that shape human behaviour?

A

1) human are SOCIAL beings (social sensitivity (exclusion), recognition human faces)

2) humans are very INTELLIGENT beings (ability to imagine a future + think of self, symbolic thought/language)

3) humans are MOTIVATED, GOAL-STRIVING beings (motivation, needs + goals)

4) humans are very EMOTIONAL beings (emotions motivate actions, internal emotions—> external displays)

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6
Q

There is “_______ ________” between social rejection and noxious stimuli

A

Neural overlap

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7
Q

What is the dual-process model?

Or called…

Rational-experimental

System 1- system 2

Top-down - bottom-up

A

Rational:
- logical
- prefrontal-cortex
- think in words and numbers
- slower speed, deliberate action
- produces knowledge

Experimental:
- driven by emotions (affective)
- limbic system
- think in images and stories
- past experience
- high speed, immediate action
- produces wisdom

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8
Q

What are the 2 motivational systems?

A

Approach

+

Avoidance

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9
Q

What’s the biology of approach motivation?

A

BAS- seek- want

Left-prefrontal cortex

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10
Q

What is the biology of avoidance motivation?

A

FFFS- fear - withdraw

Right-prefrontal cortex

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11
Q

What is alexithymia?

A

Low in emotional intelligence

Probably not really good at answering questionnaires

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12
Q

What does blind feel have to do with alexithymia?

A

Related to anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)

People’s with alexithymia had DECREASED volume and ACTIVITY in. ACC

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13
Q

What part of the brain controls fear?

A

Amygdala

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14
Q

What are secondary emotions?

A

Variations of the 6 primary emotions

Ex) joy, ecstasy, and delight are variations of happiness

Includes SOCIAL EMOTIONS

Ex) sympathy, embarrassment, shame etc…

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15
Q

Social emotions “__________, __________, ___________” behaviour

A

Regulate

Reinforce

Help repair

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16
Q

What is the cognitive appraisal theory of emotions?

A

Stimulus —> PRIMARY appraisal—> SECONDARY appraisal process—> EMOTIONAL experience

(Stimulus)—> (increase in physiological arousal)—>(interpretation of stimulus through cognitive)—> (emotion)

17
Q

Positive moods are are on “__________” judgments and reliance on “____________” knowledge

A

Positive

Existing

18
Q

Bad moods are reliant on “__________” views and “_________” thinking

A

Negative

Critical

19
Q

Higher-order cognitive functioning is dependent on aqua Tate “____________ _____________”

A

Emotional functioning

20
Q

What is the moral foundations theory?

A

Culture dictates what we VALUE and NORMALIZE

Different cultures - different morals

21
Q

What fare the 5 parts of moral foundations theory?

A

1) harm/care
2) fairness/reciprocity
3) in group/loyalty
4) authority/respect
5) purity/sanctity

22
Q

What is culture diffusion?

A

Transfer of interventions, knowledge and ideas

Culture —> another

23
Q

What is culture transmission?

A

Members a culture learn explicitly to imitate the BELIEFS and BEHAVIOURS of another culture

24
Q

Art is the “_______” of culture

25
How does culture help us adapt according to Warner (1959)?
1) physical (natural) enviro 2) social enviro 3) metaphysical enviro
26
Beauty is “____” times “____”
P times E Is an interaction Person and environment
27
What are the 4 basic patterns of social relationships?
1) community sharing 2) authority ranking 3) equality matching 4) market pricing
28
Increased socio-economic = increased “____________” !
Individualism
29
What is a metaphysical environment?
NATURE of reality, significance of life, cosmic order
30
What is terror management theory (TMT)?
Existential and psychodynamic We are “mortal and aware” Death awareness is “worm at the core”
31
How do different cultures strive for immortality? (Minimize the terror of death) “_________” immortality “_________” immortality
Literal Symbolic
32
What is the cultural worldview?
HUMAN-CONSTRUCTED shared, symbolic conceptions of reality that imbue life with meaning and order Antidote to death awareness
33
Adaptations are “_______ - ____” Evolution is NOT guided by any purpose or goal
Trade-offs Attribute isn’t better just because it evolved
34
What are the 3 primary psychological dimensions everyone has?
1) universal 2) individual 3) cultural