Week 2 Diuretic medications Flashcards
What are the three major classes of diuretics for BP control?
- Thiazide
- Loop
- Potassium sparing
What suffix do Loop Diuretics end in?
-mide/-nide
What diuretics are the most potent?
Loop
What diuretics are the mildest?
Potassium Sparing
What diuretics have a moderate potency?
Thiazide
What are two common Loop diuretics?
Furosemide
Bumetanide
What is the MOA of Loop diuretics?
Prevent sodium resorption in the loop of Henle.
-Causes rapid diuresis with resultant K+ loss and a smaller loss of Na+ and Mg+
What suffix do thiazide diuretics end in?
-thiazide
What is the most common thiazide diuretic?
Hydrochlorothiazide
What is the MOA of thiazide diuretics?
Increases the excretion of sodium and water by inhibiting sodium resorption in the distal tubule.
What is the most common type of diuretic for the maintenance of BP?
Thiazide
What needs to be monitored when taking thiazide diuretics?
Potassium levels, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Blood glucose, and lipids
What is a common potassium-sparing diuretic?
Spironolactone
Aldactone
Potassium-sparing diuretics and in ___ or contain ___
-actone/ triameterne
What is the MOA of potassium-sparing diuretics?
acts as competitive antagonists that either compete with aldosterone for intracellular cytoplasmic receptor sites or directly block sodium channels
What needs to be monitored for Loop diuretics?
Electrolytes, thiamine, BUN (may increase), Cr
What needs to be monitored with potassium-sparing diuretics?
Monitor for low potassium
What are the major indications for diuretics?
HTN, HF, renal insufficiency/acute renal failure
What are the common side effects of diuretics?
- Dehydration, Orthostatic hypotension, hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia (loop and thiazide),
- Hyperkalemia in potassium-sparing
What are the major nursing considerations for Diuretics?
- Change position slowly
- Check BP prior to administration
- Monitor Sodium and Potassium
- Monitor GFR and Creatinine
What drug interacts with Aldactone that may cause hyperkalemia?
ACE inhibitors
What food should be avoided when taking Aldactone?
Potassium based salt substitute
