Week 2 Bone Physiology Flashcards
What makes up the Axial Skeleton?
Vertebral column, Ribs and Skull
How many bones make up the Axial Skeleton?
80 Bones
What makes up the Appendicular skeleton?
Bones of the pelvis, upper and lower limbs
How many bones make up the Appendicular skeleton?
126 Bones
What are the different types of bones?
Long, Short, Flat, Irregular, Sesamoid & Sutural bones
What do Bulges, depressions, and holes in bones serve as?
Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons
What is the Diaphysis of a bone?
The shaft of a long bone
What is the Epiphysis of a bone?
The ends of the bone
What is the Metaphysis of a bone?
Where the diaphysis joins epiphysis
What is the Epiphyseal plate of a bone?
A layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis of the bone to grow in length
What is the Articular cartilage of a bone?
Covers epiphysis and reduces shock and friction
What is the Nutrient foramen of a bone?
Allows artery & vein to enter the bone
What is the Periosteum of a bone?
Tough sheath of connective tissue that surrounds the bone surface and It contains bone forming cells allowing bone to grow in diameter not length
What is the Medullary cavity of a bone?
It contains bone marrow
What is a compact bone?
Does not have visible spaces in bone matrix, forms thick-walled diaphysis
What is a spongy bone?
Consists of delicate sheets of bone and Ends of long bones (epiphyses)
What is Intramembranous ossification?
Bone forms directly within mesenchyme, within fibrous tissues & flat bones of the skull and the mandible
What is Endochondral ossification?
Bone forms within hyaline cartilage that develops from the mesenchyme.
What is the role of a Long Bone?
Used for weight bearing
What is the role of a Flat Bone?
Provides protection
What is the function of Osteoclasts?
Cells that break down (resorb) bone matrix
What are Osteocytes?
Mature bone cells
What are Osteoblasts?
Bone-forming cells
What is the function of a Osteogenic Cell?
Stem cells in periosteum and endosteum
What are the different functions of bone tissue?
Support, Protection, Assists in movement, Mineral Homeostasis & Blood Cell Production
What are bone markings?
Projections that provide attachment for muscles and ligaments; projections that help form joints; depressions and openings for passage of nerves and blood vessels.
What do Bulges, depressions, and holes in bones serve as?
Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons
What is the Nutrient foramen of a bone?
Allows artery & vein to enter the bone
