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ortho > week 2 > Flashcards

week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

why treat oral disease

A

Life is less satisfying

ability to interview for a job is lower

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2
Q

is malocclusion a disease

A

No, a spectrum due to biologic variability/diversity

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3
Q

when is malocclusion found

A

When deviation from the normal reaches certain severity degree

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4
Q

what percent of the population has malocclusion

A

35% normal
60% maloclusion (20% mild, 20% moderate, 20% severe)
5% handicapped

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5
Q

what are the aspects of maloclusion

A 
Sagittal/anteroposterior
Verticle/horizontal plane
transverse
Intra-arch (crowding/spacing/rotation)
Soft tissue problems
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6
Q

how does NHANES III determine malocclusion

A 
Incisor irregularity
Overbite/open bite
overjet for molar class
Post cross bite
Midline diastema greater than 2mm
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7
Q

why does mandibular crowding increase with age

A

3rd molar eruption

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8
Q

what is overjet

A

maxillary incisors forward from the mandibular incisors

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9
Q

how does overjet related to Malocclusion

A 
OFten a surrogate measurement for class II malocclusion
decreased overjet is a surrogate for class II molocclsuion
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10
Q

what happens to mild class II from childhood to adolescence

A

decreases

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11
Q

what happens to mild class III from childhood to adolscence

A

increases

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12
Q

why does Mild class II decrease, and mild class III increase

A

Differential jaw growth

Leeway/E space

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13
Q

what race tends to be class II

A

European americans

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14
Q

what race tends to be class II

A

African americans

Hispanic americas

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15
Q

what is overbite

A

The amount that a max incisor goes over the mandibular incisor

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16
Q

why does deep bite decrease from childhood to adult

A

Verticle diminsion is the last to increase

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17
Q

why does posterior cross-bite increase

A

Transverse is the first to icnrease except in the molar region

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18
Q

commonness of Normal Class I occlusion

A

30-35%

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19
Q

commonness of Class I malocclusion

A

50-55%

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20
Q

commonnes of Class II malocclusion

A

15-20%

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21
Q

commonness of Class III malocclusion

A

1%

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22
Q

what causes malocclusion

A

Development of interaction of multiple factors (not pathologic)

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23
Q

how do heritable estimate change with increasing age for skeltal and dental cariables

A

Increase for skeletal

decrease for dental

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24
Q

where is inheritance particularily strong in the craniofacial

A

mandibular prognathism

followed by long face pattern of facial development

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25
Q

how does hereditary affect brothers

A

OFten mirror images of each other

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26
Q

what agent can affect pre-netal development

A

Teratogens
biological agents
Radiation

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27
Q

what developmental problems can affect pre-netal development

A

Fetal molding and birth injuries (pierre robin seqeunce)

migration of neural crest cells (treacher - collin syndrome, hemifacial microsomia)

28
Q

what can cause problems in post natal development

A

Childhood fractures
Muscle dysfunction (atrophy, hyperfunction, mucle weakness syndromes)
acromegaly
condylar hyperpalasia/ hemi-mandibular hypertrophy

29
Q

what is the form function interaction

A

altered function would be the major cause of malocclusion if function can affect the growth of the jaws

30
Q

what are the functional influences

A

Digit sucking
tongue thrust
Respiratory patterns

31
Q

does 3rd molars cause incisor crowding

A

NO, according to reaserch into functional influences

32
Q

how long must you apply pressure to cause problems due to thumb sucking

A

6 hours

33
Q

what causes a long face

A

mouth breathing

34
Q

are genetics or envinornment the cause of malocclusion

A

Both

35
Q

do we know the etiology of most malocclusion

A

No

36
Q

does genetics affect skeletal or dental more

A

Skeletal

37
Q

does environment affect skeletal or dental more

A

Dental

38
Q

why use the diagnostic method

A

determine problem

create treatment plan for problem

39
Q

why listen to the chief complaint

A

Know expectations of patient
set patient priorities
Motiviation and cooperation

40
Q

what is included in med history

A 
History of systemic disorders
pre-medication
current meds
trauma
allergies
41
Q

what radiographs should be taken for growth

A

Hand wrist, cervical spine

Ceph superimposition

42
Q

what does Angle’ classification apply to (teeth and planes)

A

Permanent teeth

Anterior posterior planes of space

43
Q

how does Angle’s classification do skeletal

A

Roughly aplied( class I dental= class I skeletal)

44
Q

what is the most common malocclusion

A

Skeletal/Dental class I crowded

45
Q

what other problems are associated with class I skeletal

A

transvere and vertical planes

Dental malocclusion

46
Q

how to tell a dental and sketal constriction for a posterior cross bite

A

wide palate is a dental constriction

47
Q

what mandibular plane angle is found in a long face

A

Steep

48
Q

what is the mandibular plane angle for a short face

A

Flat/horizontal

49
Q

what is the primary cause of mandibular asymmetry

A

CR/CO shift

50
Q

when is a profile analysis difficult

A

very young kids
Class III
vertical problems are present

51
Q

what is the benifit of Cephalometrics

A

evaluate hard and soft tissue

-Dx, progress, treatment, growth record

52
Q

what does SNA say

A

maxillary position

53
Q

what does SNB say

A

mandibular possition

54
Q

what does ANB say

A

Maxilla to Mandible

55
Q

what are the uses of diagnostic casts

A 
Evaluation
Space analysis
Tooth size analysis
Case presentation
treatment eval/documentation
56
Q

what are the assumption of arch length analysis

A

All succedaneous teeth develop normal
Correlation between lower incisor width and width of unerupted succedaneous teeth
prediction tables valid for patient
arch dimension do not chnage during rowth
mesial molar shift predictable

57
Q

what tooth is measured for arch length analysis

A

M-D width of lower incisors

58
Q

how do you determine the length of the premolar and canine on one side on the mandible

A

1/2 the of lower incisors+10.5mm

59
Q

how do you predict the size of the premolar and canine on one side of the maxilla

A

1/2 the width of lower incisors +11mm

60
Q

what is the space discrepancy for each arch

A

the available space (size of incisors + predicted size of canine and premolars in both quadrants

61
Q

what is epidemiology

A

Study of the dynamics (incidence and prevalence) of occurrence of a condition/trait in a pop or group

62
Q

what is NHANES III

A

surved 14000 individuals to provide current info on children, adults, and major ethnic groups in the early 90s

63
Q

does irregularity increase betwen childhood and youth

A

Yes

64
Q

does irregulatiry increase between youth and adult

A

No, except mandibular crowding increases

65
Q

how often are diastema

A

26% ages 8-11

6% later in life

66
Q

what causes diastima to close naturally

A

Max canines reupt at 12 year olds

67
Q

what causes class II to go away

A

The differential rate of jaw growth during adolescent growth spurt

ortho (22 decks)

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