week 2 Flashcards
why treat oral disease
Life is less satisfying
ability to interview for a job is lower
is malocclusion a disease
No, a spectrum due to biologic variability/diversity
when is malocclusion found
When deviation from the normal reaches certain severity degree
what percent of the population has malocclusion
35% normal
60% maloclusion (20% mild, 20% moderate, 20% severe)
5% handicapped
what are the aspects of maloclusion
Sagittal/anteroposterior Verticle/horizontal plane transverse Intra-arch (crowding/spacing/rotation) Soft tissue problems
how does NHANES III determine malocclusion
Incisor irregularity Overbite/open bite overjet for molar class Post cross bite Midline diastema greater than 2mm
why does mandibular crowding increase with age
3rd molar eruption
what is overjet
maxillary incisors forward from the mandibular incisors
how does overjet related to Malocclusion
OFten a surrogate measurement for class II malocclusion decreased overjet is a surrogate for class II molocclsuion
what happens to mild class II from childhood to adolescence
decreases
what happens to mild class III from childhood to adolscence
increases
why does Mild class II decrease, and mild class III increase
Differential jaw growth
Leeway/E space
what race tends to be class II
European americans
what race tends to be class II
African americans
Hispanic americas
what is overbite
The amount that a max incisor goes over the mandibular incisor
why does deep bite decrease from childhood to adult
Verticle diminsion is the last to increase
why does posterior cross-bite increase
Transverse is the first to icnrease except in the molar region
commonness of Normal Class I occlusion
30-35%
commonness of Class I malocclusion
50-55%
commonnes of Class II malocclusion
15-20%
commonness of Class III malocclusion
1%
what causes malocclusion
Development of interaction of multiple factors (not pathologic)
how do heritable estimate change with increasing age for skeltal and dental cariables
Increase for skeletal
decrease for dental
where is inheritance particularily strong in the craniofacial
mandibular prognathism
followed by long face pattern of facial development
how does hereditary affect brothers
OFten mirror images of each other
what agent can affect pre-netal development
Teratogens
biological agents
Radiation
what developmental problems can affect pre-netal development
Fetal molding and birth injuries (pierre robin seqeunce)
migration of neural crest cells (treacher - collin syndrome, hemifacial microsomia)
what can cause problems in post natal development
Childhood fractures
Muscle dysfunction (atrophy, hyperfunction, mucle weakness syndromes)
acromegaly
condylar hyperpalasia/ hemi-mandibular hypertrophy
what is the form function interaction
altered function would be the major cause of malocclusion if function can affect the growth of the jaws
what are the functional influences
Digit sucking
tongue thrust
Respiratory patterns
does 3rd molars cause incisor crowding
NO, according to reaserch into functional influences
how long must you apply pressure to cause problems due to thumb sucking
6 hours
what causes a long face
mouth breathing
are genetics or envinornment the cause of malocclusion
Both
do we know the etiology of most malocclusion
No
does genetics affect skeletal or dental more
Skeletal
does environment affect skeletal or dental more
Dental
why use the diagnostic method
determine problem
create treatment plan for problem
why listen to the chief complaint
Know expectations of patient
set patient priorities
Motiviation and cooperation
what is included in med history
History of systemic disorders pre-medication current meds trauma allergies
what radiographs should be taken for growth
Hand wrist, cervical spine
Ceph superimposition
what does Angle’ classification apply to (teeth and planes)
Permanent teeth
Anterior posterior planes of space
how does Angle’s classification do skeletal
Roughly aplied( class I dental= class I skeletal)
what is the most common malocclusion
Skeletal/Dental class I crowded
what other problems are associated with class I skeletal
transvere and vertical planes
Dental malocclusion
how to tell a dental and sketal constriction for a posterior cross bite
wide palate is a dental constriction
what mandibular plane angle is found in a long face
Steep
what is the mandibular plane angle for a short face
Flat/horizontal
what is the primary cause of mandibular asymmetry
CR/CO shift
when is a profile analysis difficult
very young kids
Class III
vertical problems are present
what is the benifit of Cephalometrics
evaluate hard and soft tissue
-Dx, progress, treatment, growth record
what does SNA say
maxillary position
what does SNB say
mandibular possition
what does ANB say
Maxilla to Mandible
what are the uses of diagnostic casts
Evaluation Space analysis Tooth size analysis Case presentation treatment eval/documentation
what are the assumption of arch length analysis
All succedaneous teeth develop normal
Correlation between lower incisor width and width of unerupted succedaneous teeth
prediction tables valid for patient
arch dimension do not chnage during rowth
mesial molar shift predictable
what tooth is measured for arch length analysis
M-D width of lower incisors
how do you determine the length of the premolar and canine on one side on the mandible
1/2 the of lower incisors+10.5mm
how do you predict the size of the premolar and canine on one side of the maxilla
1/2 the width of lower incisors +11mm
what is the space discrepancy for each arch
the available space (size of incisors + predicted size of canine and premolars in both quadrants
what is epidemiology
Study of the dynamics (incidence and prevalence) of occurrence of a condition/trait in a pop or group
what is NHANES III
surved 14000 individuals to provide current info on children, adults, and major ethnic groups in the early 90s
does irregularity increase betwen childhood and youth
Yes
does irregulatiry increase between youth and adult
No, except mandibular crowding increases
how often are diastema
26% ages 8-11
6% later in life
what causes diastima to close naturally
Max canines reupt at 12 year olds
what causes class II to go away
The differential rate of jaw growth during adolescent growth spurt
