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ortho > growth and development > Flashcards

growth and development Flashcards

1
Q

what does growth indicated

A

Change most often associated with increase

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2
Q

what does Development mean

A

New capabilities, bigger and better, with possibility of some cost
-complexity and decrease in potentiality

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3
Q

what is a growth pattern

A

a complex set of proportional relationships, with some growth being larger and smaller than others

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4
Q

what type of pattern is pattern in growth

A

A higher level patter, with predicable changes

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5
Q

what is a pattern

A

changes in proportion over the course of time

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6
Q

what is the cephalocaudal pattern of growth

A

craniofacial structures grow earlier and structures away from head grow more to chatch up

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7
Q

how does the skull grow

A

more growth in the face than in the cranium. Cranium grows faster than face first then slows as the face speeds up
parts of the face that grow farther from the cranium grow the slowest

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8
Q

what part of the face grows the most postnataly

A

The mandibule

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9
Q

what does it mean when doing data and points do not cluster such like a bell shaped curve

A

Not a normal distribution

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10
Q

what is 1 std dev

A

67% of the population

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11
Q

what is 2 std dev

A

95% of the population

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12
Q

what is 3 std dev

A

99% of the population

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13
Q

what does a median value correspond to

A

2nd quartil

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14
Q

what is the inter-quartile range

A

Measure of variation reported with the median value

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15
Q

how are growth chars expressed

A

In percentile, comparing height and weight to peers over time

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16
Q

organization of growth charts

A

line is percentile
x is time
y is height/weight

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17
Q

what is the percentile for normal kids

A

3rd and 97th percentile

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18
Q

how does growth charts show abnormalties

A

crossing over in percentiles over the ages

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19
Q

when are differences in timing of growth most apparent

A

Near adolscence

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20
Q

what causes adolescent growth spurt

A

SExual maturation

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21
Q

when do boys and girls have te growth spurt

A

girls two years before boys

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22
Q

why might a person cross percentiles in growth, but not be a problem

A

if a person matures unusually late or early, they’ll cross percentiles

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23
Q

why is chronologic age not a good indicator of an individual growth status

A

BEcause of timing variability

24
Q

how is age measured biologically

A

In terms of progress towards achievement of certain development markers

25
Q

how to measure biologic age

A

maturation of cervical vertebrae

26
Q

what does the stages in maturation of the cervical vertebrae correlate well with

A

Adolescent growth spurt

27
Q

when is the best time for ortho

A

Adolescent growth spurt

28
Q

stage 2 age

A

indicates that peak growth at adolsecence is still a year or so ahead

29
Q

stage 3 age

A

less then one year till peak growth

30
Q

stage 4,5, and 6

A

increasing distances beyond peak growth

31
Q

best stage to do ortho

A

stage 3

32
Q

other name for biologic age

A

Developmental or maturation ages

33
Q

cross sectional studies

A

TAken from different groups at different points, instead of tracing one person

34
Q

pros and cons of cross sectional

A

easy, individual variation though is a problem

35
Q

longitudinal studies

A

Same individual is folowed over time

36
Q

what is the distance vs velocity in longitudinal growth

A

distance is overal growth

Velocity is how fast the growth occured

37
Q

basic measurement techniques for physical growth

A 
Craniometry
Anthropometry
Cephalometric radiography
3D radiography (computed tomography)
38
Q

WHAT IS CRANIOMETRY

A

based on the measurement of the skull

39
Q

what is Anthropometry

A

Measurements on living individuals, using soft tissue landmarks

40
Q

source of error in anthropometry

A

varying soft tissue thickness

41
Q

use of anthropometry today

A

Estabilish facial proportions, for planning ortho treatment

42
Q

what is cephalomtric radiology

A

USing X-rays of head and face to provide a way to combine the advantages of cranometry and thropometry

43
Q

Pros and cons of cephalometric radiology

A

Direcet measurement of the skeleton, but still can measure soft tissue
needs proper possitioning
2D
exposure to X-rays

44
Q

pros and cons of axial computed tomography

A

reconstruct facial images in 3D
expensive
large radiation dose

45
Q

benifit of Cone beam CT

A

less radiation

cost less

46
Q

problem with cone beam CT

A

not as accurate as Axial Ct, but still good

47
Q

why superimpose CT scans

A

tracing based on identified landmarks to show growth

48
Q

why is the marker technique mostly used in animals

A

Can be destructive

49
Q

techniques for markers

A

Vital staining
Autoradiography
Cephalometric superimposition on Implants
Molecular bio

50
Q

what is Vital staining

A

Dyes that are incorporated into bone are injected into animal and amount of growth between 2 injection or since the last injection can be seen

51
Q

what dye is used to stain bone

A

Alizzarian

52
Q

what is autoradiography

A

RAdioactively labeled substances are injected, tissue specimens are prepared, and when photographic film is exposed and the location of radioactive materials in the tissue is revealed

53
Q

benifit of radioactive labeleing

A

Any substance can be turned intot he equivalent vital stain

54
Q

what is implant radiology

A

Based onvisualizing metal pins placed in the skelton and using them as perminant markers, since they show up on x-rays

55
Q

what was used to understand jaw growth patterns

A

Implant Radiology

56
Q

how does the JAw grow

A

bone was added to the posterior surface of the ramus and condylar and coronoid processes
removed bone from the gonial angle area

57
Q

molecularily measuring growth

A

genetic info by plasmids injected into mice

we see how the mice now are different morphologically

ortho (22 decks)

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