ceph tracing techniques

Question 1

How are american and european cephs different

Answer 1

american looks to the right
European looks to the left
american magnified (closer x-ray tube)

Question 2

why trace cephs

Answer 2

eliminate most of detail to focus on areas of important

Question 3

what is bolton’s template

Answer 3

showed the average proportion at each year of 16 males and 16 females seen to have ideal face proportions
- used as a stanrard

Question 4

pros of cone beam

Answer 4

produced 3D images

Question 5

cons of cone beam

Answer 5

too much info and needed to be reduced

Question 6

how to do the standard cephalometric technique

Answer 6

Puttting patient into a headholder with ear rods

getting the head level

Question 7

where is the frankfot plane

Answer 7

superior portion of external auditory meatus to inferior margin of the orbit

Question 8

how ro set up the frankfort plane in a ceph

Answer 8

parallel to the floor

Question 9

how do we see the natural head

Answer 9

uses a hanging chain to show a true horizontal perpendicular to it

Question 10

how do we pick landmarks

Answer 10

Identified accurately on a ceph

represent a known part of 1 of the 5 major functional units

Question 11

what are the landmarks for the cranial base

Answer 11

Sella

Nasion

Question 12

what does the sella indicate

Answer 12

Postition of the posterior end of the anteior cranial base

- located in the center of the sella turcica

Question 13

what does the nasion indicate

Answer 13

Front end of the anterior cranial base

- located in the junction b/t nasal and frontal bones

Question 14

what are the land marks for the maxilla

Answer 14

Anterior nasal spine
Point A
Posterior Nasal spine

Question 15

what does the anterior nasal spine indicate

Answer 15

Front end of maxilla

Question 16

what does point a indicate

Answer 16

Innermost point of the contour of the premaxilla between the anterior nasal spine and incisor teeth

Question 17

what does the posterior nasal spine indicate

Answer 17

Posterior end of the maxilla at the tip of the palatine bone

Question 18

what are the landmark positions for the mandible

Answer 18

point b
Pogonion
Menton
Gnathion
Gonion

Question 19

where is point b

Answer 19

innermost point of the contour of the mandible betwen the incisor tooth and bony chin

Question 20

what does point bindicate

Answer 20

anterior part of the bony base of the mandibular dentision

Question 21

what is pogonion

Answer 21

Most anterio point on the contour of the chin

Question 22

what is the menton

Answer 22

most inferior point of the mondibular symphysis

Question 23

what is the gnathion

Answer 23

Center of the inferior contour of the chin (halfway between pogonion and menton)

Question 24

what is the Gonion

Answer 24

Angle of the mandible

Question 25

what are the landmarks for max and mandibular dentition

Answer 25

max central incisor tip
Mandibular central insicor tip
max 1st molar, mesial cusp tip
mand 1st molar mesial cust tip

Question 26

what are the horizontal reference lines

Answer 26

S-N
True horizontal
ANS-PNS
Functional occlusal
GO-Gn

Question 27

what does the S-N line indicate

Answer 27

Anterior cranial base inclinaction

Question 28

where is the true horizontal found

Answer 28

perpendicular to true verticle

Question 29

what does the ANS-PNS go

Answer 29

Palatal plane

Question 30

what is the functional occlusal plane drawn through

Answer 30

Occluding surface of the posterior teeth

Question 31

what does the Go-Gn plane specifiy

Answer 31

The mandibular plane