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ortho > nature of craniofacial growth > Flashcards

nature of craniofacial growth Flashcards

1
Q

an increase in the number of cells

A

Hyperplasia

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2
Q

an increase in the the size of cells

A

Hypertrophy

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3
Q

whays cellular growth appears

A

Secreteion of extracellular material
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasiaa

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4
Q

what leads to the critical distinction between soft and hard tissues

A

Calcification of the extracellular material

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5
Q

is cartilage hard of soft tissue

A

Soft

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6
Q

how does soft tissue growth occur

A

Combo of hyperplaisa and hypertrophy

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7
Q

result of the growth of soft tissue

A

interstitial growth (growth inside tissue)

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8
Q

what can also accompnay interstitial growth

A

secretion of extracellular material

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9
Q

endochondral ossification

A

Cartilage is growing then replaced by bone

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10
Q

what type of growth is a characteristic of uncalcified cartilage

A

Interstitial growth

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11
Q

can interstitial growth occur in hard tissue

A

No, and growth can only occur at the surface and not in the calcified mass

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12
Q

hos does growth of hard tissue occur

A

direct addition in free surface, by cells of the periosteum

replacement of soft tissue

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13
Q

what does the growing in endochondrial ossification

A

cartilage grows, followed by replacement by bone

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14
Q

how does Endochondral ossification occur on long bones

A

bone formation on surface of cartilage
Invasion of blood vessel to hollow out center
ingrowth of B.V> lead to ossification center in the catilaginous caps
band of cartilage remains, to form a diaphysis and epiphyses

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15
Q

bands of cartilage in a long bone

A

Epiphyseal plates

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16
Q

how does a bone grow longer

A

Endochondral replacement

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17
Q

how does a bone grow wider

A

Direction formation of new bone

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18
Q

what does bone widening

A

PEriostem

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19
Q

can bone change in calcifed masses

A

Yes, due to osteocytes

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20
Q

why remodel the inner surface of bone

A

adapting to mechanical stresses

makes calcium and phosphate ion exchanges with blood

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21
Q

where does calcium and phosophate exchange occur

A

around the periosteal surface and havershian systems

22
Q

what is a haversian system

A

osteocytes surroudning a blood vessel

23
Q

2 parts of the canium

A

cranial vault

Cranial base

24
Q

parts of the face

A

Maso-maxillary complex

Mandibular

25
Q

how is the cranial vault ade

A

directly with no endochondral bone formation.

Uses just the periosteum

26
Q

the connective tissue in between the bones fo the cranial valt

A

Fontanelles

27
Q

Roll of Fontanelles

A

Considerable deformation at brith so you can give birth to the baby

28
Q

how is the cranial base formed

A

Endochondrial ossification

29
Q

the cartilage of the cranial base

A

Chondocranium

30
Q

when does the chondocranium occur

A

About 8 weeks in utero

31
Q

when does ossification begin in the chondocranium

A

week 12 at the same time as intramembranous bone formation of the cranial vault

32
Q

how does growth occur at the cranial base

A

at the lateral edges of the strucutres via synchondroses

33
Q

important synchondroses for growth

A

Spheno-occipital, inter-sphenoid

spheno-ethmoidal

34
Q

difference in synchondrosis and suture

A

Synchondrosis is cartilage with maturing cartialge extending outsward in both directions
suture is only periosteum and connective tissue

35
Q

how does maxillary growth occur

A

Sutures and surface remodeling

36
Q

what indirectly affects the naso maxillary complex

A

endochondrial growth of the cranial base

37
Q

how does the maxillar grow

A

Along the sutures

38
Q

what are the posterior and superior sutures of the maxilla idea for

A

Downward and forward repositioning of the maxilla

39
Q

where is bone added to allow molars to erupt

A

The tuberoscity

40
Q

how is the anterior of the maxilla changed as it grows down and forward

A

remodeled and removed

41
Q

why does it look like the maxilla moves more downward than forward

A

surface remodeling opposes forward translation but adds to the downward

42
Q

how does the mandible develop

A

Associated with cartilage but doesn’t really replace it

43
Q

where does bone formation begin in the mandible

A

LAteral to Meckel’s cartialge and spreads posterior without using cartilage
fuses early at the midline

44
Q

where is the cartialge in the MAndible

A

At the TMJ, not derived from meckel’s cartilage, but late in life

45
Q

how does the manible grow

A

Some at the condylar cartilage, rest by direct surface apposition and remodeling

46
Q

where does most of the growth of the mandible occure

A

Posteriorly, via appositional growth, pushing the mandible forward

47
Q

how is the ramus remodeled

A

Bone is added to the posterior and removed from the anterior

48
Q

how is the mandible wided

A

REmodeling of the ramus

49
Q

how does the alveolar bone grow

A

Grows upward along with the teeth

50
Q

why must new alveolar bone form

A

Keep the teeth from growing right out of the mandibule

ortho (22 decks)

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