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PMP 103 > Week 19 > Flashcards

Week 19 Flashcards

1
Q

what is public health?

A

public health is the science and art of preventing diseases, prolonging life and promoting health, through the organised efforts of society

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2
Q

what are the aims of public health?

A

improving the population health
making people healthy
saving lives
life expectancy

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3
Q

who is responsible for public health?

A

coordinated efforts between:
-all sectors of the society
-stakeholders
-government
-private sector
-non-goverment organisations
-international organasions

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4
Q

what is health promotion?

A

process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health

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5
Q

according to WHO, what is health a state of?

A

physical
social
mental
wellbeing

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6
Q

what are the three main aims of public health?

A

protection
prevention
promotion

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7
Q

what was the outcome of the Ottawa Charter?

A

5 action areas
3 stratagies

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8
Q

what are the 5 action areas made from the Ottawa Charter?

A

build healthy public policy
create supportive environments
strengthen community action
reorient health services
develop personal skills

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9
Q

what are the 3 stratagies made from the Ottawa Charter?

A

enable
mediate
advocate

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10
Q

what does disease prevention involve?

A

actions to reduce or eliminate exposure to risks that might increase the chances that an individual or group will incur disease, disability or premature death

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11
Q

what does health promotion involve?

A

the development of behaviours that improve bodily functioning and enhance an indiviuals ability to adapt to a changing environment

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12
Q

why is disease prevention important?

A
  • According to the World Health Organization, 80% of chronic diseases are preventable.
  • Lifestyle choices have more impact on health and longevity than anything else.
  • The major contributors to chronic disease are an unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and tobacco use.
  • Making healthier choices reduces the risk of early ill health and diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, stroke, respiratory disease and mental ill-health.
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13
Q

what can obesity and poor diet lead to?

A

type 2 diabetes
high blood pressure
high cholestrol
increased risk of respiratory, musculoskeletal and liver diseases
and certain cancers

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14
Q

what does alcohol increase the risk of?

A

cardiovascular disease
cancer
liver disease
also cause emotional and relationship problems

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15
Q

what are the UK guidines on how many units of alcohol a week?

A

no more than 14 units regularly

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16
Q

how does smoking harm the body?

A

heart- doubles the risk of having a heart attack
lungs- lung cancer and COPD
circulation- increase blood pressure and heart rate
fertility- can cause impotence in men
bones- bones become weak and brittle and increase risk of osteoporosis in women
brain- increases risk of having a stroke by 50%
mouth and throat- increases risk of cancer
stomach- incrace the risk of cancers and ulcers
fertility- can make it harder for women to conceive
skin- premature aging

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17
Q

how does unhealthy behaviours ccost the NHS?

A

£5.2billion from smoking
£4.2billion from being overweight
£3.5billion from alcohol
£1.1billion from inactivity
total £14billion

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18
Q

what are the key roles of a pharmacist in disease prevention?

A

public awareness campaigns
opportunistic counselling
delivering advanced services

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19
Q

what was the aim of the antimicrobial stewardship campaign 2021?

A

to support community pharmacists and patients in joining the fight against against antibiotic resistance
by using a antibiotic checklist to prescribe an appropriate antibiotic

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20
Q

how many people a year is antimicrobial resistance killing?

A

700,000 people

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21
Q

what is Making Every Contact Count (MECC)?

A

Making Every Contact Count (MECC) is an approach to behaviour change that uses the millions of day-to-day interactions that organisations and people have with other people to support them in making positive changes to their physical and mental health and wellbeing.
MECC is simply a chat about health.

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22
Q

what are the three A’s approach used when undertaking a brief health chat?

A

ASK individuals aboiut their lifestyle and changes they may wish to make, when there is an appropriate opportunity to do so.
ADVISE appropriately on the lifestyle issue once raised
ACT by offering information, signposting or reffering individuals to the support they need

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23
Q

who are the influenza at risk groups?

A

As defined by the “Vaccine Green book”
* 65 years or over,
* chronic respiratory disease (including COPD and asthma),
* significant cardiovascular disease (not hypertension),
* immunocompromised,
* diabetes mellitus,
* chronic neurological, renal or liver disease.
* Pregnancy
* Morbid obesity

24
Q

what are the aspects of the common thread in the pharmacy proffesion?

A

compliance and concordnce
medicines safety
evidence based practice
shared decision making

25
Q

why have quality improvement in healthcare?

A

quality is meeting and exceeding the customers needs and expectations and then continuing to improve

26
Q

what are the six domains for the core skills for quality in healthcare?

A

STEEEP
safety
timely
equitable
efficient
effective
person centred

27
Q

what is safety in STEEEP?

A

avoiding harm to staff and patients from thecare that is intended to help them

28
Q

what is timely in STEEEP?

A

care reducing waits and harmful delays for both those who recieve and those who give care

29
Q

what is effective in STEEEP?

A

care based on scientific knowledge to all who could benefit and refraining from actions to those not likely to benefit

30
Q

what is effeciency in STEEEP?

A

avoid waste of equipment, supplies, ideas and energy

31
Q

what is equitable in STEEEP?

A

care that does not vary in quality because of personal characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, geographioc location and socio-economic status

32
Q

what is person cantred care in STEEEP?

A

care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences needs and values and ensuring that patinet values guide all clinical decisions

33
Q

what is improvement science?

A

is about finding out how to improve and make changes in the most effective way. it is about systematically examining the methds and factors that best work to facilitate quality improvement

34
Q

what are essential services?

A

services offered by all pharmacy contractors as part of the NHS Community Pharmacy Contractual Framework

35
Q

what are locally commissioned services?

A

Locally commissioned community pharmacy services can be contracted via a
number of different routes and by different commissioners, including local
authorities, Health Boards (Wales), Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs - England)
and local NHS England teams.

36
Q

what are the essential services?

A

dispensing medicines
dispensing appliances
repeat dispensing
clinical governance
discharge medicines service
public health
signposting
support for self care
disposal of unwanted medicines

37
Q

what is clinical governance?

A

a framework through which NHS organisationsare accountable for continually improving the qualityof their services and safeguarding high standards ofcare by creating an environment in which excellencein clinical care will flourish

38
Q

what are the pillars of clinical governance?

A

1) processes for quality improvement
2) staff focus
3) use of information

39
Q

what is involved in process for quality improvement?

A
  1. patient and public involment
  2. clinical audit
  3. risk management
  4. clinical effectiveness
40
Q

what is involved in staff focus?

A

1.staffing and staff management
2. education, training and CPD

41
Q

what is involved in use of information?

A

use of information to support clinical governance and healthcare delivery

42
Q

what are the advanced services?

A

appliance use review
community pharmacist consultation service
c-19 lateral flow device distribution service
flu vaccination service
hepatitis c testing service
hypertension case-finding service
new medicine service
pandemic delivery service
stoma appliance customisation
stop smoking advanced service

43
Q

what are the 4 priority services in the community pharmacist consultation service?

A

common ailments
emergency contraception
emergency medicine
seasonal flu jabs

44
Q

what are the conditions eligible for the new medicine service?

A
  • asthma and COPD
  • diabetes (Type 2)
  • hypertension
  • hypercholesterolaemia
  • osteoporosis
  • gout
  • glaucoma
  • epilepsy
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • urinary incontinence/retention
  • heart failure
  • acute coronary syndromes
  • atrial fibrillation
  • long term risks of venous
    thromboembolism/embolism
  • stroke / transient ischemic attack
  • coronary heart disease
45
Q

what are the enhanced services?

A

*( Primary Care Covid-19 Immunisation Service)
*( Accreditation Pathways for Pharmacists
starting to practice in Wales)
* Accreditation process for Enhanced Services
in Wales from April 2018
* Address to send Pharmacy and Pharmacist
Listing forms for Enhanced Services
* Care Home Support National Enhanced
Service
*( Emergency Hormonal Contraception)
* Enhanced Services Availability and
Accreditation Requirements
* Fees for National Enhanced services
* Independent Prescribing
* (National Stop Smoking Service)
* Needle and Syringe Supply
* Patient Sharps Service
* Pivotell
* Respiratory Service 2019 – National
Enhanced Service
* Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Service
* Sore Throat Test and Treat
* Substance Misuse Services
* Services and Claims Summary
* National Just In Case pack service

46
Q

what are the 5 waves of public health?

A

cultural
social
clinical
biomedical
structural

47
Q

what is the fith wave in public health?

A

cultural :
a culture for health

48
Q

what is the fourth wave in public health?

A

social: social determinants of health

49
Q

what is the third wave in public health?

A

clinical: lifestyle related diseases

50
Q

what is the second wave in public health?

A

biomedical: antivodies. vaccines

51
Q

what is the first wave of public health?

A

structural: sewage…

52
Q

what advice should you give smeone who wants to cut down on their alcohol use?

A

have several drinking free days a week
and to spread their drinking over 3 days in the week

53
Q

what are the benefits to stop smoking?

A
  • saves an average £2000 a year
  • reduces risk of stroke to half after a year
    -taste and smellwill improve after 3 days
54
Q

reccomended exercise?

A

150 mins a week

55
Q

how many audits do pharacists do a year?

A

2

PMP 103 (17 decks)

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