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PMP 103 > Week 11 > Flashcards

Week 11 Flashcards

1
Q

what is absorption?

A

movement of drug from site of administration to the bloodstream

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2
Q

what are the different types of biological membranes?

A

lipid molecules
protein molecules

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3
Q

what are the types of transport across biological membranes?

A

transcellular (passive diffusion)
paracellular (tight junctions)

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4
Q

what is the process of gastric emptying?

A

stomach pressure remains constant until 1L of food ingested
relative unchanging pressure results from intrinsic ability of smooth muscle to exhibit plasticity
then
chyme is either delivered in small amount to the duodenum
or
forced backward into the stomach for further mixing

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5
Q

what is gastric emptying regulated by?

A

neural reflex
hormonal mechanisms

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6
Q

what is gastric emptying affected by?

A

meal volume
meal composition
pH of content

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7
Q

what is the gastric emptying rate (GER)?

A

speed with which substances leave the stomach after ingestion

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8
Q

what is a rate limiting step?

A

slowest step in the series, which controls the overall rate and extent of appearance of the intact drug in the systemic circulation

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9
Q

what are the types pf capsules?

A

hard capsules
soft capsules

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10
Q

what is sublingual?

A

application to the membranes of either the floor of the mouth or the underside of the tongue and entry into systemic circulation following absorption

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11
Q

what is buccal?

A

application to the lining of the cheek-entry into the systemic circulation following absorption

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12
Q

where do we find keratinised mucosa?

A

hard palate
gingiva
tongue

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13
Q

where do we find non-keritnised mucosa?

A

floor of the mouth
the soft pallete
lips
cheek

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14
Q

how to use a salbutamol inhaler?

A
  1. Remove cap (some must be squeezed at the sides to release)
  2. Check dose counter (if device has one)
  3. Hold inhaler upright and shake well
  4. Breathe out gently (away from inhaler)
  5. Put mouthpiece between teeth (without biting) and close lips to form good seal
  6. Start to breathe in slowly through mouth and at the same time press down firmly on canister
  7. Continue to breathe in slowly and deeply
  8. Hold breath for about 5 – 10 seconds or as long as comfortable
  9. While holding breath, remove inhaler from mouth
  10. Breathe out gently (away from inhaler)
  11. If more than one dose is needed, repeat all steps starting from step 3
  12. Replace cap
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15
Q

what are the two types of pulmonary drug delivery?

A

local/topical drug administration (asthma pump)
systemic application via the lung (inhaled insulin)

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16
Q

how do we deliver drugs to or via the lungs?

A

solid in gas
liquid in gas
gases

17
Q

what are the factors affecting lung deposition?

A

particle size
particle size distribution
particle density
partice shape
partcile hygroscopicity

18
Q

what are the advantages of local delivery of drugs to the lungs?

A

.Drug delivered directly to target organ
*Lower doses may be required for optimal effect
*Rapid onset of action
*Fewer systemic side effects
*Non-invasive delivery

19
Q

what are the disadvantages of local delivery of drugs to the lungs?

A

*Low efficiency of delivery
*Difficulty in breath coordination, manual handling of device, or
breathing through the device
*Corticosteroid use can suppress immune response
*Throat irritation is possible

20
Q

what are the advantages of systemic delivery of drugs via the lungs?

A

very rapid onset of action
circumvents first pass effect
non-invasive delivery route
good for biopharmaceutics

21
Q

what are the disadvantages of systemic delivery of drugs via the lungs?

A

*Low efficiency of delivery
*Some patients may have difficulty using some devices (handling and
coordination)
*Some patients may have difficulty breathing (through the device)
*May need very low or very exact doses or special devices
*Expensive compared with oral therapies

22
Q

what are the levels to the respiratory epithelium?

A

columnar cells
goblet cells
basal cells

23
Q

what is the funcion of the mucus?

A

clearance and air conditioning (prevent drying out

24
Q

what are the types of nasal sprays?

A

steroid
alpha-andrnergic agonist
saline
menthol
intranasal peptides

25
Q

what are the types of ear drops?

A

alcohol
acetic acid
antibiotics
anaethetics
corticosteroid

26
Q

what are the types of eye drops?

A

artificial tears
antibiotic
corticosteroid
glaucoma

PMP 103 (17 decks)

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