Week 15: Aging Flashcards
What is adolescence defined as?
A period that begins with puberty and ends with the transition to adulthood (approximately ages 10–20)
What triggers the physical changes associated with puberty?
Hormones
What cognitive improvements occur during adolescence?
Improvements in complex and abstract thought, attention, memory, processing speed, and metacognition
Why do adolescents have a heightened propensity for risky behavior?
Increases in sensation-seeking and reward motivation precede increases in cognitive control
What changes occur in parent-child relationships during adolescence?
Redefinition where adolescents strive for more autonomy; parental monitoring becomes more salient
What is the role of peer relationships during adolescence?
Important sources of support and companionship, but can also promote problem behaviors
How do same-sex peer groups evolve during adolescence?
They evolve into mixed-sex peer groups
What are the four identity statuses described by Marcia?
- Foreclosure
- Identity diffusion
- Moratorium
- Identity achievement
What physical changes occur during puberty for boys?
- Growth spurt in height
- Growth of facial hair
- Deepening of voice
What physical changes occur during puberty for girls?
- Growth spurt in height
- Breast development
- Beginning of menstruation
What is the average age of onset for puberty in girls?
10–11 years
What is the average age of onset for puberty in boys?
11–12 years
What are the two types of antisocial behavior identified by Patterson’s model?
- Early starters
- Late starters
What is the significance of ‘deviant peer contagion’?
The process by which peers reinforce problem behavior, increasing the likelihood of future problem behavior
What are the two categories of romantic relationships during adolescence?
- Short-lived relationships
- Long-term committed partnerships
What does identity formation involve according to Erikson?
Successful development is indicated by identity formation versus role confusion
What are the gender differences in rates of anxiety and depression during adolescence?
Females have rates of anxiety about twice as high and depression 1.5 to 3 times as high compared to males
What are the implications of academic achievement during adolescence?
It sets the stage for future educational and occupational opportunities
Fill in the blank: Adolescence is often characterized as a period of _______ change.
transformation
True or False: Romantic relationships during adolescence have no impact on emotional and behavioral adjustment.
False
What factors shape the behavior of adolescents and how others respond to them?
- Nationality
- Gender
- Ethnicity
- Socioeconomic status
- Religious background
- Sexual orientation
- Genetic factors
What is the developmental period called that captures changes out of adolescence and into adulthood?
Emerging adulthood
What is the role of parental monitoring during adolescence?
It becomes more important as adolescents spend more time away from parents
What is the relationship between anxiety, depression, and social relationships in adolescents?
Anxiety and depression exacerbate problems in social relationships, contributing to stability over time