Week 13 Articles Flashcards
What does “realized retirement age” refer to?
the actual age at which individuals retire and begin receiving pensions, which may differ from official retirement ages
What two major events influenced the realized retirement age in Europe between 2005 and 2013?
Pension reforms and the 2008 economic crisis.
What was the main goal of European pension reforms?
To increase the realized retirement age and make it more uniform across individuals and countries.
Did individual characteristics become more or less important for determining retirement age over time?
Less important—retirement age became less dependent on individual traits like health or education
What do the findings imply for retirement policymakers?
Pension reforms are working to delay retirement, but new inequalities and meanings of retirement require further attention.
What is “gradual retirement”?
It refers to transitioning from full-time to part-time work before fully retiring, sometimes with the same employer, in a new occupation, or through self-employment
Which groups are more likely to engage in gradual or full retirement?
Older individuals, Black individuals, and those with higher nonlabor income
Which groups are less likely to retire (gradually or fully)?
Married individuals, college graduates, and those in good health
What is the most likely age range for engaging in gradual retirement?
People in their 60s are most likely to pursue partial retirement (bridge employment)
How does health status affect retirement decisions?
Good health increases the likelihood of staying in full-time work and reduces both partial and full retirement.
How does nonlabor income affect retirement behavior?
Higher nonlabor income is associated with a slight increase in retirement likelihood—suggesting leisure is a normal good.
What is the effect of being married on retirement status?
Married individuals are more likely to stay working and less likely to retire either partially or fully.
What is the main goal of Venne and Hannay’s 2017 “Demographics, the Third Age and Partial Retirement: Policy Proposals to Accommodate the Changing Picture of Female Retirement in Canada” article
to propose flexible policies that accommodate the changing retirement patterns of Canadian baby boomer women.
What is “partial retirement”?
working part-time or in a transitional role while receiving pension income, instead of fully retiring.
What is the “Third Age” in the life course model?
A new life phase (ages 55–75) marked by extended health, productivity, and potential for continued work or volunteering
what major demographic changes affect female retirement?
Increased labor force participation
lower fertility rates
delayed/less frequent marriages
higher divorce rates
Why do women’s retirement paths differ from men’s?
Due to caregiving roles
part-time work
lower lifetime earnings
interrupted careers
What are the three flexible policy proposals recommended in the article by Venne and Hannay’s 2017 (EEA)
encourage partial retirement
expand flexible work arrangements.
allow pension income and work income to occur simultaneously
Why is combining pension and work income controversial in Canada?
It is seen by some as “double dipping,” though it could extend labor force participation and reduce public pension strain
What role does “work-time compression” play in retirement trends?
It describes a situation where people work fewer years despite living longer, prompting the need for policy changes to lengthen careers
What barriers limit the adoption of partial retirement in Canada?
Rigid pension rules
limited employer flexibility
lack of promotion of gradual retirement options
How does the “Third Age” especially apply to women?
because women live longer, often need flexibility for caregiving, and face gendered challenges in retirement preparation
what benefits do flexible retirement policies offer employers?
Talent retention, smoother knowledge transfer
better engagement
reduced turnover among older worker
