Week 13 Flashcards
Language
A socially agreed-upon, rule-governed system of arbitrary symbols that can be combined in different ways to communicate ideas and feelings about both the present time and place and other times and places, real or imagined
What are the three types of language?
oral, written, internal
Semanticity
the extent to which a language can use symbols to transmit meaningful messages
Generativity
the ability to combine words or symbols of a language using rules of composition and syntax to communicate a nearly infinite variety of information and ideas using a limited vocabulary
Displacement
the ability to convey a message that is not related to the current time or place
Psycholingustics
studies the acquisition, comprehension and production of language
Phonemes
the basic distinctive speech sounds that help distinguish words from each other in a language
Phonology
the rules that govern the phonemes of a language
Morphemes
the smallest unit of meaning in language which are made from phonemes
Bound morphemes
morphemes that need to be attached to other morphemes to have meaning
Free morphemes
morphemes that can stand on their own and have meaning
Semantics
The relationship between words and the rules that govern their meanings
Syntax
Grammar, and the order of words
Pragmatics
The knowledge of words as it relates to understanding language
Articulators
mouth structures that make speech sounds
How does one create sound?
Think of an idea apply meaning apply syntax and morphemes map motor movements move articulators communicate acoustic signals
How does one understand utterances?
listen for the utterances analyze syntax recognize words you know the meaning of map onto phonemes and syllables understand acoustic signal
Coarticulation
the idea that our articulators do not create speech sounds in sequence, rather they create multiple ones at the same time, so that particular phonemes are acoustically different from each other depending on the sounds that precceed and succeeds them
Categorical perception
the tendency for perceivers to disregard physical differences between stimuli and perceive them as the same, such that a continuous change in a physical attribute is perceived not as continuous, but as a discrete change at a category boundary
Infants and categorical perception
infants are able to distinguish the difference between almost all phonemes but as they develop are unable to because the language they learn does not require them to
Written language
a visual symbol system that is imposed on top of oral language
What are the two types of reading
sound reading and sight reading
Sound reading
reading by decoding the phonetic significance of letter strings
Sight reading
reading by recognizing a word as a whole