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anatomy 1B > week 12 - muscles of the foot ankle and knee > Flashcards

week 12 - muscles of the foot ankle and knee Flashcards

1
Q

3 flexors of ankle + foot

A
  1. tibialis posterior
  2. flexor digitorum longus
  3. flexor hallucis longus
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2
Q

nerve for flexors of ankle + foot

A

tibial nerve

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3
Q

tibialis posterior – origin

A

posterior shaft of tibia + fibula

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4
Q

tibialis posterior – insertion

A
  • all 5 tarsal bones

- bases of metatarsals 2 - 4

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5
Q

tibialis posterior – action

A
  • invert foot

- plantar flex ankle

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6
Q

flexor digitorum longus – origin

A

posterior surface of tibia

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7
Q

flexor digitorum longus – insertion

A

distal phalanges 2 - 5

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8
Q

flexor digitorum longus – action

A
  • flex toes 2 - 5

- invert foot

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9
Q

flexor hallucis longus – origin

A

posterior fibula

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10
Q

flexor hallucis longus – insertion

A

distal phalanx of big toe

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11
Q

flexor hallucis longus – action

A
  • flex big toe

- invert foot

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12
Q

3 arches in foot

A
  1. medial longitudinal (calcaneus to hallucis)
  2. lateral longitudinal (calcaneous to 5th metatarsal)
  3. transverse (base of the 1st and 5th metatarsals)
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13
Q

4 muscles of foot

A
  1. extensor digitorum brevis
  2. flexor digitorum brevis
  3. abductor hallucis
  4. abductor digiti minimi
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14
Q

general location of muscles of foot

A
  • dorsal surface: extensor digitorum brevis (deep to extensor digitorum longus)
  • plantar surface myo lie side-by-side:
    > flexor digitorum brevis exends down center of foot from calcaneus to phalanges
    > abductor hallucis is on big toe side of plantar surface
    > abductor digiti minimi s on little toe side of plantar surface
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15
Q

nerves of muscles of foot

A
  • tibial nerve (for myo on plantar surface)

- deep peroneal (for extensor digitorum brevis only)

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16
Q

extensor digitorum longus – origin

A

calcaneus (dorsal surface of)

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17
Q

extensor digitorum longus – insertion

A

toes 2 - 4 via extensor digitorum longus tendons

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18
Q

extensor digitorum longus – action

A

extend phalanges 2 - 4

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19
Q

extensor digitorum longus – nerve

A

deep peroneal nerve

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20
Q

flexor digitorum brevis – origin

A

calcaneus

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21
Q

flexor digitorum brevis – insertion

A

middle phalanges of toes 2 - 5

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22
Q

flexor digitorum brevis – action

A

flex middle phalanges of toes 2 - 5

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23
Q

flexor digitorum brevis – nerve

A

tibial nerve (burning sensation on bottom of foot –> plantar fasciitis)

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24
Q

plantar fasciitis + flexor digitorum brevis

A
  • inflammation of the plantar fascia, the connective tissue on the sole of the foot
  • often caused by overuse of the plantar fascia or arch tendon of the foot
  • aka “policeman’s heel”
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25
Q

abductor hallucis – origin

A

calcaneus

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26
Q

abductor hallucis – insertion

A

proximal phalanx of big toe

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27
Q

abductor hallucis – action

A

abduct big toe

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28
Q

abductor hallucis – nerve

A

tibial nerve

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29
Q

abductor digiti minimi – origin

A

calcaneus

30
Q

abductor digiti minimi – insertion

A

proximal phalanx of little toe

31
Q

abductor digiti minimi – action

A

flex little toe (should be called the flexor digiti minimi)

32
Q

abductor digiti minimi – nerve

A

tibial nerve

33
Q

sesamoid bone of 1st metatarsal – location

A
  • located along plantar surface of foot
  • 1 to 2 sesamoid bones articulate w the metatarsal of big toe
  • sesamoids are embedded within tendon of flexor hallucis brevis
34
Q

sesamoid bone of 1st metatarsal – function

A
  • helps big toe have more flexion, for stability + strength
  • in general, sesamoids are found in locations where a tendon passes over a joint, such as the hand, knee, and foot; functionally, they act to protect the tendon and to increase its mechanical effect (patella is also a sesamoid bone)
35
Q

extensor hallucis brevis – origin

A

calcaneus

36
Q

extensor hallucis brevis – insertion

A

proximal phalanx of big toe

37
Q

extensor hallucis brevis – action

A

extend big toe

38
Q

extensor hallucis brevis – nerve

A

deep peroneal nerve

39
Q

flexor hallucis brevis – location

A

plantar surface of foot

40
Q

flexor hallucis brevis – origin

A
  • cuboid

- lateral cuneiform

41
Q

flexor hallucis brevis – insertion

A

proximal phalanx of big toe

42
Q

flexor hallucis brevis – action

A

flex big toe

43
Q

flexor hallucis brevis – nerve

A

tibial nerve

44
Q

quadratus plantae – location

A

plantar surface of foot

45
Q

quadratus plantae – origin

A

plantar surface of calcaneus

46
Q

quadratus plantae – insertion

A

flexor digitorum longus tendon

47
Q

quadratus plantae – action

A

flex toes 2 - 5

48
Q

quadratus plantae – nerve

A

tibial nerve

49
Q

lateral collateral ligament (LCL) – AKA

A

fibular collateral ligament

50
Q

lateral collateral ligament (LCL) – location

A
  • strong, thin strap that crosses knee joint

- runs from lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula

51
Q

lateral collateral ligament (LCL) – function

A
  • resists medial rotation of knee

- also stabilizes knee against genu varum stresses (often seen in bowlegged cowboys)

52
Q

medial collateral ligament (MCL) – AKA

A

tibial collateral ligament

53
Q

medial collateral ligament (MCL) – location

A
  • broad ligament lies superficial to joint capsule of knee

- deep to pes anserinus tendon

54
Q

medial collateral ligament (MCL) – function

A
  • resists medial rotation of knee

- also protects against genu valgum (knock-knee) stresses

55
Q

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) – location

A

deep in the middle of the knee

56
Q

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) – function

A
  • prevents tibia from moving anteriorly to femur
  • also prevents medial rotation of the tibia, in relation to the femur
  • athletes tear this when they hyperextend knee
57
Q

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) – location

A

deep in the middle of the knee (and works with ACL)

58
Q

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) – function

A
  • prevents tibia from moving posteriorly under femur
  • hyperflexion injuries tear PCL
  • skiers tear these easily since they prevent rotary movement of knee
59
Q

medial + lateral menisci of knee – location

A
  • fibrocartilagnous discs attached to tibial condyles

- helps round femoral condyles sit comfortably on flat tibial plateaus

60
Q

medial + lateral menisci of knee – function

A
  • responsible for shock absorption
  • increases surface area, distributes weight, and reduces friction
  • moves sinovial fluid around in knee
61
Q

deltoid ligament of ankle – location

A
  • medial side of ankle
  • made up of 4 ligaments forming a triangle (seriously strong ligament!)
  • connects talus, calcaneus + medial malleolus
62
Q

deltoid ligament of ankle – function

A
  • allows 5 degrees of eversion

- sprains here are often in conjunction with avulson fracture

63
Q

4 deltoid ligaments of ankle (names)

A
  1. posterior tibiotalar
  2. tibiocalcaneal
  3. anterior tibiotalar
  4. tibionavicular
64
Q

lateral collateral ligaments of ankle – location

A
  • lateral side of ankle
65
Q

lateral collateral ligaments of ankle – function

A
  • stabilize distal end of fibula to calcaneus + talus
  • 3 ligaments that are most often torn during ankle sprains (bc nowhere near as strong as deltoid ligament on ankle’s medial side + most vulnerable when foot is inverted and plantar flexed)
66
Q

3 lateral collateral ligaments of ankle (names)

A
  1. anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) (most commonly torn)
  2. posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL)
  3. calcaneofibular ligament
67
Q

extensor retinacula of ankle – location

A

crosses front of ankle

68
Q

extensor retinacula of ankle – function

A

supports tendons of extensor muscles

69
Q

posterior tibial artery

A
  • pulse can be felt inferior + posterior to medial malleolus
70
Q

dorsalis pedis artery

A
  • pulse can be felt bw 1st + 2nd metatarsal bones along dorsal side of foot
  • where the extensor hallucis endon is on dorsal foot

anatomy 1B (9 decks)

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