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anatomy 1B > week 11 - myo of the pelvis and thigh > Flashcards

week 11 - myo of the pelvis and thigh Flashcards

1
Q

5 myo of adductor group

A
  1. adductor magnus
  2. adductor longus
  3. adductor brevis
  4. pectineus
  5. gracilis
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2
Q

adductors – general location

A
  • medial thigh between hamstrings + quadriceps femoris myo
  • all are posterior to quadriceps femoris group except the gracilis
  • attach either superior or inferior ramus of pubis to part of the femur (except gracilis, which crosses knee + attaches to tibia)
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3
Q

actions of the adductors

A
  • adduct the hip
  • medially rotate the hip
  • flex the hip (all, except gracilis)
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4
Q

nerves of the adductors

A
  • ALL: obturator nerve

- PECTINEUS: obturator + femoral nerves

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5
Q

adductor magnus – nickname

A
  • “floor of the adductors” bc of broad span

- most posterior of the adductors

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6
Q

adductor magnus – origin

A
  • inferior ramus of pubis
  • ramus of ischium
  • ischial tuberosity
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7
Q

adductor magnus – insertion

A
  • medial lip of linea aspera

- adductor tubercle

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8
Q

adductor magnus – actions

A
  • adduct hip
  • medially rotate hip
  • extend hip (posteror fibers of adductor magnus only)
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9
Q

adductor magnus – nerve

A
  • obturator nerve
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10
Q

adductor longus – origin

A

pubic tubercle

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11
Q

adductor longus – insertion

A

medial lip of linea aspera

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12
Q

adductor longus – actions

A
  • adduct hip

- medially rotate hip

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13
Q

adductor longus – nerve

A

obturator nerve

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14
Q

adductor brevis – origin

A

inferior ramus of pubis

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15
Q

adductor brevis – insertion

A
  • pectineal line of femur

- medial lip of linea aspera

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16
Q

adductor brevis – actions

A
  • adduct hip

- medially rotate hip

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17
Q

adductor brevis – nerve

A

obturator nerve

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18
Q

pectineus – origin

A

superior ramus of pubis

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19
Q

pectineus – insertion

A

pectineal line of femur

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20
Q

pectineus – actions

A
  • adduct hip

- medially rotate hip

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21
Q

pectineus – nerve

A

obturator + femoral nerves *

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22
Q

gracilis – origin

A

inferior ramus of pubis

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23
Q

gracilis – insertion

A

pes anserinus tendon

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24
Q

gracilis – actions

A
  • adduct hip
  • medially rotate hip
  • flex knee * (bc it crosses over knee joint)
  • medially rotate flexed knee *
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25
Q

gracilis – nerve

A

obturator nerve

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26
Q

tensor fascia latae (TFL) – location

A
  • small, superficial myo about 3 finger widths wide
  • located on lateral side of upper thigh
  • accessible bw upper fibers of rectus femoris + gluteus medius
  • attaches to IT band along w glute max
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27
Q

iliotibial tract – location

A
  • superficial sheet of fascia w vertical fibers (NOT a muscle)
  • runs along lateral thigh from hip to outer knee (tibial tubercle)
  • TFL and glute max attach here
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28
Q

iliotibial tract – function

A
  • strong, stabilizing structure for hip and knee

- like spandex for the thighs (has thick, matted texture that is similar to packing tape)

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29
Q

tensor fascia latae (TFL) – origin

A

iliac crest

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30
Q

tensor fascia latae (TFL) – insertion

A

ilitiotibial tract (IT band)

31
Q

tensor fascia latae (TFL) – actions

A
  • flex hip
  • medially rotate hip
  • abduct hip
32
Q

tensor fascia latae (TFL) – nerve

A

superior gluteal nerve

33
Q

sartorius – unique qualities

A
  • aka tailor’s muscle (“sartor” = tailor)

- aka longest muscle i the body

34
Q

sartorius – origin

A

ASIS

35
Q

sartorius – insertion

A

pes anserinus tendon (medial knee)

36
Q

sartorius – actions

A
  • flex hip
  • laterally rotate hip
  • abduct hip
  • flex knee
  • medially rotate knee
37
Q

sartorius – nerve

A

femoral nerve

38
Q

3 tendons of medial posterior knee

A

medial to lateral, and merging to form pes anserinus tendon:

  • sartorius
  • gracilis
  • semitendinosus
39
Q

2 tendons of lateral posterior knee

A

medial to lateral:

  • biceps femoris
  • iliotibial tract
40
Q

6 lateral rotators of hip

A
  1. piriformis
  2. quadratus femoris
  3. obturator internus
  4. obturator externus
  5. gemellus superior
  6. gemellus inferior
41
Q

general location of lateral rotators

A
  • located deep to glute max

- attach to aspects of greater trochanter; fan medially to attach to sacrum + pelvis

42
Q

actions of lateral rotators

A
  • laterally rotate hip (ALL)

- abduct hip when it is flexed (piriformis only)

43
Q

piriformis – origin

A

anterior surface of sacrum

44
Q

piriformis – insertion

A

superior aspect of greather trochanter

45
Q

piriformis – actions

A
  • laterally rotate hip

- abduct hip when hip is flexed

46
Q

piriformis – nerve

A

sacral plexus nerve

47
Q

piriformis syndrome

A
  • piriformis is the only of the lateral rotators that lies superficial to the sciatic nerve and, if overcontracted, can compress it, leading to “piriformis syndrome”
  • piriformis syndrome (an impinged sciatic nerve due to tight or spasmy piriformis) is NOT the same as “true sciatica”, which is in the low back
  • however, what some people mistakenly call “sciatica” is really a symptom of piriformis syndrome (so impt to distinguish bw them)
48
Q

true sciatica vs. piriformis syndrome

A

look at their gait:

  1. if they’re bent over slightly and have dull achey pain in low back, it’s true sciatica
  2. if they have sharp shooting pain while walking and their leg is extended during “heel strike”, then it’s piriformis syndrome
49
Q

2 iliopsoas myo

A
  1. psoas major

2. iliacus

50
Q

iliopsoas – actions + function

A

flex hip + stabilize low back via these actions:

  • flex hip (w origin fixed)
  • flex trunk toward thigh + tilt pevis anteriorly (w insertion fixed)
51
Q

iliopsoas – general location

A
  • psoas major is located deep to abdominal contents; stretches from lumbar vertebrae, underneath inguinal ligament, to lesser trochanter
  • iliacus is stockier; located deep to abdomen in iliac fossa; joins with psoas major at lesser trochanter
52
Q

psoas major – unique qualities

A
  • aka “the great hip flexor”

- known as the “tenderloin” or “filet minon”

53
Q

psoas major – origin

A

bodies + TVP’s of lumbar vertabrae

54
Q

psoas major – insertion

A

lesser trochanter of femur

55
Q

psoas major – nerve

A

lumbar plexus nerve

56
Q

iliacus – origin

A

iliac fossa

57
Q

iliacus – insertion

A

lesser trochanter of femur

58
Q

iliacus – nerve

A

femoral nerve

59
Q

testing the iliopsoas

A

version 1 – have them lie prone. bend knee, take heel to butt. if butt lifts, then tight iliopsoas.

version 2 – while seated, bend knee and lift it toward hip. press down on their knee and have them resist.

60
Q

sacrotuberous ligament – location

A
  • attaches edge of sacrum to ischial tuberosity

- deep to glute max

61
Q

sacrotuberous ligament – function

A
  • stabilizes sacrum

- tightness on one side can angle sacrum to one side

62
Q

inguinal ligament – location

A

attaches ASIS to pubic tubercle

63
Q

inguinal ligament – function

A
  • forms superior border of femoral triangle + lower edge of abdominal aponeurosis
  • protects the vessels (nerves, arteries, veins, and lymph nodes) that are underneath, at the femoral triangle
64
Q

3 sides of femoral triangle

A
  1. inguinal ligament
  2. sartorius
  3. adductor longus
65
Q

vessels of the femoral triangle

A

anterior right hip, lateral to medial: NAVL

  • NERVE: femoral nerve
  • ARTERY: femoral artery
  • VEIN: femoral vein
  • LYMPH: inguinal lymph nodes
66
Q

inguinal hernia

A
  • more common in men

- instestines can push through the inguinal ligament

67
Q

round ligament – AKA

A
  • “ligamentum teres”

- “ligamentum capitis femoris”

68
Q

round ligament – location

A

attaches center of acetabulum (inside labrum) to fovea of head of femur

69
Q

round ligament – function

A

stabilizes hip socket

warning: doing side-to-side splits could over stretch and harm the round ligament

70
Q

sciatic nerve – location

A
  • largest nerve in body (~3/4 inch diameter)
  • formed by spinal nerves of L-4 thru S-3
  • passes through greater sciatic notch, bw ischial tuberosity + greater trochanter, and extends down posterior thigh
71
Q

sciatic nerve – function

A

bc it runs deep to piriformis, can become compressed or entrapped (piriformis syndrome)

72
Q

trochanteric bursa – location

A

along posterior/lateral aspect of greather trochanter

73
Q

trochanteric bursa – function

A
  • reduces friction bw trochanter and glute max

- can be distended or inflamed due to wearing low-rider jeans that are too tight

anatomy 1B (9 decks)

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