bones of head neck and face

Question 1

fontanelle

Answer 1

space b/w skull bones that is present in babies, but fuses together during development

Question 2

sutures (aka sutural joint)

Answer 2

joint b/w bones of skull (zig zig pattern looks like stitches)

Question 3

cranial bones – range of motion

Answer 3

• cranial bones (or bones of the skull) are classified as immovable
• but they are slightly movable (i.e. craniosacral therapy)

Question 4

frontal bone – location

Answer 4

• forms forehead + upper rim of eye sockets

- considered one of the hardest bones

Question 5

frontal bone – bony landmarks

Answer 5

• orbit of the eye = eye socket

- supraorbital ridges = ridge at top of eye, under eyebrow (ocular cardial reflex)

Question 6

coronal suture (aka frontal suture)

Answer 6

where frontal bone meets parietal bones

Question 7

parietal bones – location

Answer 7

• 2 parietal bones, forming top + sides of skull

- largest bones in skull

Question 8

sagittal suture

Answer 8

at body’s midline between 2 parietal bones

Question 9

occiput bone – location

Answer 9

at posterior, inferior part of skull

Question 10

occiput – bony landmarks

Answer 10

• external occipital protuberance (EOP) and, by implication, internal occipital protuberance (IOP)
• superior nuchal lines (at level of EOP) = attachment site for myo
• inferior nuchal lines (below superior nuchal lines)
• foramen magnum = big hole in occiput that sits on top of atlas

Question 11

lambdoid suture

Answer 11

• where occiput meets each of the parietal bones

- shaped like the Greek letter lambda (upside down “V”)

Question 12

temporal bone – location

Answer 12

• 2 temporal bones encompass area around ear

- lie posterior to temples (though it’s named “temporal”)

Question 13

temporal bone – bony landmarks

Answer 13

1. mastoid process = large bump behind earlobe
2. zygomatic arch = cheekbone
3. styloid process = behind earlobe, between mastoid process + posterior edge of mandible
4. external auditory meatus (EAM) and, by implication, internal auditory meatus

Question 14

temporo mandibular joint (TMJ)

Answer 14

• where mandible articulates w/ temporal bone
• most frequently used joint in body (speaking, eating)
• TMJ syndrome may be due to destruction or wearing out of articular disc of TMJ

Question 15

sphenoid bone – location

Answer 15

• located inside skull, but can be palpated anterior to temporal bones
• shaped like a swallow tailed butterfly

Question 16

sphenoid bone – unique quality

Answer 16

sphenoid is KEYSTONE of skull bc every skull bone articulates with sphenoid bone

Question 17

facial bones

Answer 17

• nasal bones
• zygomatic bones
• maxillary bones

Question 18

zygomatic bone – location

Answer 18

aka “cheekbone”, forms anterior aspect of zygomatic arch + lateral portion of eye orbit

Question 19

zygomatic arch

Answer 19

• half temporal bone, half zygomatic bone

- is the bridge that connects + includes the zygomatic process of temporal bone + temporal process of zygomatic bone

Question 20

ethmoid bone – location

Answer 20

inside eye, on medial side of orbit

Question 21

lacrimal bones – location

Answer 21

inside eye; have little holes called lacrimal ducts (aka lacrimal foramen)

Question 22

nasal bones – location

Answer 22

bridge of nose, before nasal cartilage

Question 23

maxilla bone – location

Answer 23

forms center of face, inferior portion of eye orbit, surface around nose + upper jaw in which upper row of teeth articulate

Question 24

maxilla – bony landmarks

Answer 24

• includes top row of teeth + hard palate at roof of mouth

- articulates with zygomatic bone (cheekbone)

Question 25

mandible bone – location

Answer 25

• bottom of mouth + jaw

- articulates with temporal bone

Question 26

mandible – unique quality

Answer 26

the only movable bone of skull (makes chewing possible)

Question 27

mandible – bony landmarks

Answer 27

• head, neck
• condyle = superficial portion of head
• body = flat surface inferior to lower teeth
• base = “jaw line” or edge of body
• submandibular fossa = underside of mandible; attachment site for suprahyoid myo
• angle = located at posterior end of base
• ramus = flat, posterior, vertical portion of mandible
• mental foramen = hole for nerve
• coronoid process (inaccessible when jaw closed)
• pterygoid fossa of head (where lidocaine is injected)

Question 28

hyoid bone – location

Answer 28

• horseshoe-shaped bone located superior to thyroid cartilage
• elevates upon swallowing

Question 29

hyoid – bony landmarks

Answer 29

• greater horn (2)
• lesser horn (2)
• body

Question 30

hyoid – unique quality

Answer 30

• does not articulate with any other bone

- fractured hyoid can cause death (related to strangulation)

Question 31

choana

Answer 31

2 holes inferior to vomer bone that form nasal passage

Question 32

lateral + medial pterygoid plates

Answer 32

• part of the sphenoid bone, forms sides of choana

- pterygoid myo attaches here

Question 33

vomer bone

Answer 33

• makes a roof for the choana

- a thin flat bone forming the inferior + posterior part of the nasal septum + dividing the nostrils

Question 34

palatine bone

Answer 34

end of hard palate (behind hard palate)