bones of head neck and face Flashcards
fontanelle
space b/w skull bones that is present in babies, but fuses together during development
sutures (aka sutural joint)
joint b/w bones of skull (zig zig pattern looks like stitches)
cranial bones – range of motion
- cranial bones (or bones of the skull) are classified as immovable
- but they are slightly movable (i.e. craniosacral therapy)
frontal bone – location
- forms forehead + upper rim of eye sockets
- considered one of the hardest bones
frontal bone – bony landmarks
- orbit of the eye = eye socket
- supraorbital ridges = ridge at top of eye, under eyebrow (ocular cardial reflex)
coronal suture (aka frontal suture)
where frontal bone meets parietal bones
parietal bones – location
- 2 parietal bones, forming top + sides of skull
- largest bones in skull
sagittal suture
at body’s midline between 2 parietal bones
occiput bone – location
at posterior, inferior part of skull
occiput – bony landmarks
- external occipital protuberance (EOP) and, by implication, internal occipital protuberance (IOP)
- superior nuchal lines (at level of EOP) = attachment site for myo
- inferior nuchal lines (below superior nuchal lines)
- foramen magnum = big hole in occiput that sits on top of atlas
lambdoid suture
- where occiput meets each of the parietal bones
- shaped like the Greek letter lambda (upside down “V”)
temporal bone – location
- 2 temporal bones encompass area around ear
- lie posterior to temples (though it’s named “temporal”)
temporal bone – bony landmarks
- mastoid process = large bump behind earlobe
- zygomatic arch = cheekbone
- styloid process = behind earlobe, between mastoid process + posterior edge of mandible
- external auditory meatus (EAM) and, by implication, internal auditory meatus
temporo mandibular joint (TMJ)
- where mandible articulates w/ temporal bone
- most frequently used joint in body (speaking, eating)
- TMJ syndrome may be due to destruction or wearing out of articular disc of TMJ
sphenoid bone – location
- located inside skull, but can be palpated anterior to temporal bones
- shaped like a swallow tailed butterfly
sphenoid bone – unique quality
sphenoid is KEYSTONE of skull bc every skull bone articulates with sphenoid bone
facial bones
- nasal bones
- zygomatic bones
- maxillary bones
zygomatic bone – location
aka “cheekbone”, forms anterior aspect of zygomatic arch + lateral portion of eye orbit
zygomatic arch
- half temporal bone, half zygomatic bone
- is the bridge that connects + includes the zygomatic process of temporal bone + temporal process of zygomatic bone
ethmoid bone – location
inside eye, on medial side of orbit
lacrimal bones – location
inside eye; have little holes called lacrimal ducts (aka lacrimal foramen)
nasal bones – location
bridge of nose, before nasal cartilage
maxilla bone – location
forms center of face, inferior portion of eye orbit, surface around nose + upper jaw in which upper row of teeth articulate
maxilla – bony landmarks
- includes top row of teeth + hard palate at roof of mouth
- articulates with zygomatic bone (cheekbone)
mandible bone – location
- bottom of mouth + jaw
- articulates with temporal bone
mandible – unique quality
the only movable bone of skull (makes chewing possible)
mandible – bony landmarks
- head, neck
- condyle = superficial portion of head
- body = flat surface inferior to lower teeth
- base = “jaw line” or edge of body
- submandibular fossa = underside of mandible; attachment site for suprahyoid myo
- angle = located at posterior end of base
- ramus = flat, posterior, vertical portion of mandible
- mental foramen = hole for nerve
- coronoid process (inaccessible when jaw closed)
- pterygoid fossa of head (where lidocaine is injected)
hyoid bone – location
- horseshoe-shaped bone located superior to thyroid cartilage
- elevates upon swallowing
hyoid – bony landmarks
- greater horn (2)
- lesser horn (2)
- body
hyoid – unique quality
- does not articulate with any other bone
- fractured hyoid can cause death (related to strangulation)
choana
2 holes inferior to vomer bone that form nasal passage
lateral + medial pterygoid plates
- part of the sphenoid bone, forms sides of choana
- pterygoid myo attaches here
vomer bone
- makes a roof for the choana
- a thin flat bone forming the inferior + posterior part of the nasal septum + dividing the nostrils
palatine bone
end of hard palate (behind hard palate)
