week 11 - bones and myo of feet

Question 1

calcaneus

Answer 1

• hard bone that forms heel of foot

- located beneth talus + projects 2 inches posteriorly from malleoli

Question 2

tarsals of foot

Answer 2

lateral to medial:

• cuboid
• navicular
• lateral/ middle/ medial cuneiforms

Question 3

bones at arch of foot

Answer 3

metatarsals (1st thru 5th)

Question 4

toe bones

Answer 4

• proximal phalanges
• middle phalanges (no middle phalanx on big toe)
• distal phalanges

Question 5

talus

Answer 5

• sits on top of tarsals
• where tibia + fibula come together at lateral + medial malleolus
• “true” hinge joint

Question 6

plantar flexion

Answer 6

• come onto tiptoes

- (antagonist to dorsiflexion)

Question 7

dorsiflexion

Answer 7

• with heel on ground, life ball of foot towards knee

- (antagonist to plantar flexion)

Question 8

inversion

Answer 8

• bring sole of foot towards midline (like cobbler’s pose)

- (antagonist to eversion)

Question 9

eversion

Answer 9

• bring sole of foot laterally

- (antagonist to inversion)

Question 10

flexion of 2nd thru 5th toes

Answer 10

• curl toes towards sole of foot

Question 11

extension of 2nd thru 5th toes

Answer 11

• life toes towards knee

Question 12

2 calf muscles

Answer 12

1. gastrocnemius

2. soleus

Question 13

nerve for calf muscles

Answer 13

tibial nerve

Question 14

calcaneal tendon – aka

Answer 14

Achilles tendon

Question 15

calcaneal tendon – location

Answer 15

attach calf myo (gastrocnemius + soleus) to hell (calcaneus)

Question 16

calcaneal tendon – function

Answer 16

keeps calf myo attached to heel, so they don’t slide up calves

Question 17

gastrocnemius – general location

Answer 17

• has 2 heads that cross 2 joints (knee + ankle)

- superficial + thin (compared ot the thicker soleus)

Question 18

gastrocnemius – origin

Answer 18

condyles of femur (posterior surfaces)

Question 19

gastrocnemius – insertion

Answer 19

calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Question 20

gastrocnemius – actions

Answer 20

• flex knee

- plantar flex ankle

Question 21

soleus – unique quality + origin of name

Answer 21

• this myo has a sheen like sole fish + is shaped like sole fish
• “soleus” = sole fish

Question 22

soleus – general location

Answer 22

• deep to gastrocnemius

- medial + lateral fibers bulge from sides of calf + extend further distal than gastrocnemius’ heads

Question 23

soleus – origin

Answer 23

• soleal line + posterior surface of tibia

- head of fibula

Question 24

soleus – insertion

Answer 24

calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Question 25

soleus – action

Answer 25

plantar flex ankle

Question 26

popliteus – general location

Answer 26

• located in popliteal space
• deepest myo of posterior knee
• has small, short belly w diagnoal fibers

Question 27

popliteus – function

Answer 27

vital in “unlocking” the knee joint from an extended position

Question 28

popliteus – origin

Answer 28

lateral condyle of femur

Question 29

popliteus – insertion

Answer 29

posterior aspect of tibia

Question 30

popliteus – actions

Answer 30

• medially rotate flexed knee

- flex knee

Question 31

popliteus – nerve

Answer 31

tibial nerve

Question 32

2 peroneal muscles (aka fibularis muscles)

Answer 32

1. peroneus longus

2. peroneus brevis

Question 33

general location of peroneal muscles

Answer 33

slender myo are located on lateral side of fibula (thus, called fibularis myo)

Question 34

nerve for peroneal muscles

Answer 34

superficial peroneal nerve

Question 35

peroneus longus – origin

Answer 35

• head of fibula

- proximal half of lateral fibula

Question 36

peroneus longus – insertion

Answer 36

via outer edge + sole of foot:

• base of 1st metatarsal
• medial cuneiform

Question 37

peroneus longus – action

Answer 37

evert foot

Question 38

peroneus brevis – origin

Answer 38

distal half of lateral fibula

Question 39

peroneus brevis – insertion

Answer 39

tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

Question 40

peroneus brevis – action

Answer 40

evert foot

Question 41

3 extensors of ankle + toes

Answer 41

1. tibialis anterior
2. extensor digitorum longus
3. extensor hallucis longus

Question 42

general location of extensors of ankle + toes

Answer 42

• located at anterior aspect of shin between shift of tibia + peroneal myo
• tendons cross beneath extensor retinacula
• tibialis anterior is the largest, most superficial, and most clearly isolated one in the group

Question 43

nerve for extensors of ankle + toes

Answer 43

• deep peroneal nerve (tibialis anterior + extensor hallucis longus)
• peroneal nerve (extensor digitorum longus)

Question 44

tibialis anterior – origin

Answer 44

• lateral condyle of tibia

- lateral surface of tibia

Question 45

tibialis anterior – insertion

Answer 45

via arch of foot:

• medial cuneiform
• base of 1st metatarsal

Question 46

tibialis anterior – actions

Answer 46

• invert foot

- dorsiflex ankle

Question 47

extensor digitorum longus – origin

Answer 47

• lateral condyle of tibia

- anterior shaft of fibula

Question 48

extensor digitorum longus – insertion

Answer 48

middle + distal phalanges of toes 2 thru 5

Question 49

extensor digitorum longus – actions

Answer 49

• extend toes 2 thru 5
• dorsiflex ankle
• evert foot

Question 50

extensor hallucis longus – origin

Answer 50

anterior surface of fibula

Question 51

extensor hallucis longus – insertion

Answer 51

distal phalanx of big toe

Question 52

extensor hallucis longus – actions

Answer 52

• extend big toe
• dorsiflex ankle
• invert foot

Question 53

extensor retinacula

Answer 53

holds extensors of ankle + toes in place at anterior ankle