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anatomy 1B > bones and muscles of pelvis and thigh 1 > Flashcards

bones and muscles of pelvis and thigh 1 Flashcards

1
Q

3 parts of pelvis

A
  1. sacrum
  2. coccyx
  3. two hip bones
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2
Q

3 parts of hip bone

A
  1. ilium
  2. ischium
  3. pubis
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3
Q

female vs. male pelvis

A

female pelvis is broader for carrying + delivering child:

  • wider iliac crest
  • larger pelvic “bowl”
  • greater distance b/w ischial tuberosities
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4
Q

pubis – bony landmarks

A
  • superior ramus of pubis
  • inferior ramus of pubis
  • pectineal line
  • pubic tubercles (L+R join at pubic crest)
  • symphyseal surfaces (L+R join at pubic symphysis)
  • pubic symphysis
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5
Q

ischium – bony landmarks

A
  • ischial tuberosity (“sitting bones”)
  • ramus of iscium (no superior + inferior ramus like on the pubis)
  • lesser sciatic notch
  • ischial spine (b/w greater + lesser sciatic notch)
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6
Q

ilium – bony landmarks

A
  • iliac crest (b/w ASIS + PSIS)
  • iliac tubercle (approx. 2 inches posterior to ASIS on the iliac crest)
  • anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
  • anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
  • posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)
  • posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS)
  • greater sciatic notch
  • obturator foramen (big hole)
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7
Q

medial ilium (inside) – bony landmarks

A
  • iliac fossa (the “bowl” part inside)

- articular suface for sacrum (“boot-shaped”)

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8
Q

lateral ilium (outside) – bony landmarks

A
  • anterior gluteal line
  • posterior gluteal line
  • inferior gluteal line
  • acetabulum (socket where femur articulates)
  • lunate surface of acetabulum (croissant-shaped)
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9
Q

“butt dimples” – location

A

PSIS

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10
Q

sockets for femur – name + location

A

acetabulum, located on lateral side of hip bone

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11
Q

ischial tuberosity – AKA

A

“sitting bones”

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12
Q

hip joint – official name

A

coxal joint (ball-and socket)

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13
Q

sacrum and coccyx – # of fused vertebrae

A
  • 4 or 5 fused vertebrae in sacrum

- 3 or 4 fused bones in coccyx

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14
Q

sacrum – bony landmarks

A
  • median sacral crest (where spinous processes are located)
  • lateral sacral crest (remnants of TVP’s, one on each side of median sacral crest)
  • posterior sacral foramen (holes on eather side of median sacral crest, as seen from back)
  • anterior sacral foramen (holes seen from front of body)
  • transverse ridges (remnants of intervertebral discs of sacral vert., visible from anterior sacrum)
  • sacral promontory
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15
Q

femur – proximal bony landmarks

A
  • head, neck
  • fovea of head (site of nerve, artery + ligament entry/exit for head of femur)
  • greater trochanter
  • lesser trochanter
  • intertrochanteric line (anterior, b/w greater + lesser trochanter)
  • intertrochanteric crest (posterior)
  • trochanteric fossa (more accessible from posterior)
  • gluteal tuberosity (distal to posterior surface of greater trochanter)
  • pectineal line (distal to posterior surface of lesser trochanter)
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16
Q

femur – bony landmarks of shaft

A
  • shaft
  • medial lip of linea aspera
  • lateral lip of linea aspera

“linea” = line; “aspera” = rough

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17
Q

femur – distal bony landmarks

A
  • patellar surface (anterior)
  • medial condyle / lateral condyle
  • medial epicondyle / lateral epicondyle
  • medial supracondylar line / lateral supracondylar line
  • adductor tubercle (medial side, superior to medial epicondyle)
  • intercondylar fossa (posterior, b/w two condyles) (“knee pit”)
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18
Q

femur – how to tell L + R

A
  • knobby condyles are behind the knee

- they stick out of back/posterior

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19
Q

patella articulates with…

A

femur only

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20
Q

tibia vs. fibula

A
  • fibula is thinnest bone in proportion to length
  • fibula is lateral to tibia (think “fibulateral”)
  • tibia = medial malleolus
  • fibula = lateral malleolus
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21
Q

tibia – proximal bony landmarks

A
  • lateral condyle / medial condyle (at knee)
  • intercondylar tubercles (attachment site for cruciate ligaments)
  • tibial tuberosity (anterior; attachment for quads)
  • pes anserinus (medial to tibial tuberosity; attachment for myo)
  • groove for insertion of semimembranosus tendon (posterior) **
  • soleal line (for soleus myo)
  • shaft
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22
Q

tibia – distal bony landmarks

A
  • medial malleolus (inner ankle bone)

- fibular groove of tibia

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23
Q

fibula – bony landmarks

A

(bottom more flat; top more bulbous)

  • lateral malleolus (outer ankle bone)
  • head
  • shaft
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24
Q

patella – bony landmarks

A
  • base (proximal)

- apex (distal)

25
Q

4 myo in quadriceps femoris group

A
  • rectus femoris (central, superficial, crosses 2 joints)
  • vastus medialis (medial)
  • vastus lateralis (lateral)
  • vastus intermedius (deep to rectus femoris)
26
Q

quadriceps femoris – origins

A
  1. rectus femoris: AIIS
  2. vastus medialis: medial lip of linea aspera
  3. vastus lateralis: lateral lip of linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity + greater trochanter
  4. vastus intermedius: anterior + lateral shaft of femur
27
Q

quadriceps femoris – insertion

A
  • tibial tuberosity (via the patella and patellar ligament)
  • (all four quad myos converge into a single tendon above knee; that tendon connects to the top and sides of patella before attaching to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament)
  • (because the tendon attaches one bone to another – the patella to the tibia – it is actually considered a ligament)
28
Q

quadriceps femoris – actions

A
  • ALL: extend knee

- rectus femorus only: flex the hip

29
Q

quadriceps femoris – nerve

A

femoral nerve

30
Q

osgood schlatter’s disease

A
  • avulsion fracture of the tibial tuberosity (avulsion fracture is when myo pulls a piece of bone with it when the bone fractures)
  • pulls tibial tuberosity away from tibia (common in kids bc their bones are softer and not fully ossified)
31
Q

4 hamstrings myo

A
  1. biceps femoris (long head + short head)
  2. semitendinosus (superficial to the semimembranosus)
  3. semimembranosus (wider and deeper than semitendinosus)
32
Q

hamstrings – common origin

A

ischial tuberosity (for all except the short head of biceps femoris)

33
Q

biceps femoris – origin

A
  • ischial tuberosity (long head)

- lateral lip of linea aspera, on shaft of femur (short head)

34
Q

biceps femoris – insertion

A

head of fibula

35
Q

biceps femoris – action

A
  • flex knee
  • laterally rotate flexed knee
  • extend hip (long head only)
36
Q

biceps femoris – nerve

A

sciatic nerve (largest nerve of body girth-wise)

37
Q

semitendinosus – origin

A

ischial tuberosity

38
Q

semitendinosus – insertion

A

pes anserinus tendon

conjoined tendons of 3 myo including sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus, at proximal medial shaft of tibia

39
Q

semitendinosus – actions

A

same actions as semimembranosus:

  • flex knee
  • medially rotate flexed knee
  • extend hip
  • tilt pelvis posteriorly
40
Q

semitendinosus – nerve

A

sciatic nerve (largest nerve of body girth-wise)

41
Q

semimembranosus – origin

A

ischial tuberosity

42
Q

semimembranosus – insertion

A

medial condyle of tibia (posterior aspect)

43
Q

semimembranosus – actions

A

same actions as semitendinosus:

  • flex knee
  • medially rotate flexed knee
  • extend hip
  • tilt pelvis posteriorly
44
Q

semimembranosus – nerve

A

sciatic nerve (largest nerve of body girth-wise)

45
Q

3 gluteal myos

A
  1. gluteus maximus
  2. gluteus medius
  3. gluteaus minimus
46
Q

gluteal myos – general function

A

strong extensors and abductors of hip

47
Q

gluteus maximus – origin

A
  • coccyx
  • edge of sacrum
  • posterior iliac crest
48
Q

gluteus maximus – insertion

A
  • iliotibial tract

- gluteal tuberosity

49
Q

gluteus maximus – actions

A
  • extend hip
  • laterally rotate hip
  • abduct hip
  • adduct hip (lower fibers only)
50
Q

gluteus medius – AKA

A
  • “deltoid myo of the hip joint”

- has anterior and posterior fibers

51
Q

gluteus medius – origin

A

gluteal surface of ilium

52
Q

gluteus medius – insert

A

neck of femur / lateral aspect of greater trochanter

53
Q

gluteus medius – actions

A
  • ALL fibers: abduct hip
  • anterior fibers: flex, medially rotate hip
  • posterior fibers: extend, laterally rotate hip
54
Q

gluteus minimus – origin

A

gluteal surface of ilium (deep to gluteus medius)

55
Q

gluteus minimus – insertion

A

greater trochanter

56
Q

gluteus minimus – actions

A
  • abduct hip
  • medially rotate hip
  • flex hip
57
Q

iliotibial tract (IT band)

A
  • a fibrous band; site for myo attachments
  • attached to 2 myo in pelvis: gluteus maximus + TFL
  • IT band keeps thigh myo pressed together and compacted (like spandex)
58
Q

gluteal myos – nerves

A

kind of backwards:

  • inferior gluteal nerve (gluteus maximus)
  • superior gluteal nerve (gluteus medius + minimus)

anatomy 1B (9 decks)

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