Week 11d: Neurocognitive disorders, Anesthesia, Addiction

Question 1

Alzheimers patho: cortical atrophy and loss of neurons, particularly in the…?

Answer 1

parietal and temporal lobes

Question 2

Alzheimers patho: with significant atrophy, there is _________ _______ from the loss of brain tissue

Answer 2

ventricular enlargement

Question 3

what are 2 things that have been identified in the patho of Alzheimers

Answer 3

• amyloid plaques

- neurofibrillary tangles

Question 4

beta amyloid is..?

Answer 4

toxic to the brain cells

Question 5

example of a drug used for Alzheimers

Answer 5

donepezil (aricept) - a cholinesterase inhibitor

Question 6

adverse effects of donepezil

Answer 6

• diarrhea, nausea, vomiting

- muscle cramps, joint pain, increased risk of fractures

Question 7

memantine

Answer 7

An NMDA receptor antagonist used for Alzheimers disease

Question 8

which type of dementia is associated with hypertension ?

Answer 8

vascular dementia

Question 9

which type of dementia:

• slowness in psychomotor functioning and depression are often present.
• Focal neurological symptoms are related to local areas of infarction

Answer 9

vascular dementia

Question 10

which type of dementia is caused by chronic alcoholism ?

Answer 10

Wernicke-Korsakoff dementia

Question 11

Wernicke-Korsakoff dementia is associated with a deficiency of

Answer 11

thiamine

Question 12

an autosomal dominant inherited genetic disorder that occurs around age 40

Answer 12

Huntington’s disease

Question 13

which disease involves progressive degeneration of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia

Answer 13

Huntington’s disease

Question 14

flumazenil

Answer 14

the antidote for benzodiazepine toxicity

Question 15

disulfiram

Answer 15

used for alcoholism. works by inhibiting the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, causing many of the effects of a hangover to be felt immediately after drinking

Question 16

infiltration anesthesia

Answer 16

direct injection into the tissue immediate to the surgical site

Question 17

spinal anesthesia

Answer 17

injection into the CSF

Question 18

what is the elimination half-life of lidocaine

Answer 18

90 minutes

Question 19

what is sometimes given to raise the pH of the tissue

Answer 19

sodium hydroxide

Question 20

severe effects of lidocaine

Answer 20

• hypotension
• dysrhythmias
• cardiac arrest
• cardiovascular collapse

Question 21

what are 4 aspects involved in anesthesia?

Answer 21

1. unconsciousness
2. analgesia
3. lack of movement
4. modification of autonomic responses to painful stimuli

Question 22

4 types of medications used to achieve balanced anesthesia

Answer 22

1. neuromuscular blockers
2. short-acting benzodiazepines
3. opioids
4. general anesthetics

Question 23

sedation with midazolam also causes…?

Answer 23

amnesia

Question 24

inhaled anesthetics can increase sensitivity to catchecolamines resulting in

Answer 24

cardiac dysthymias

Question 25

what is an important adverse effect of halothane ?

Answer 25

malignant hyperthermia: muscle rigidity and increased body temperature

Question 26

if used, this can increase the risk of malignant hyperthermia..

Answer 26

succinylcholine

Question 27

propofol infusion syndrome

Answer 27

a rare syndrome which affects patients undergoing long-term treatment with high doses of propofol

Question 28

signs and symptoms or propofol infusion syndrome

Answer 28

• cardiac failure
• rhabdomyolysis
• metabolic acidosis
• hyperkalemia
• liver enlargement
• kidney failure