Week 10a: Elimination GI Disorders

Question 1

Mallory-Weiss tears

Answer 1

longitudinal tears at the esophagogastric junction caused by chronic alcoholism or occur during acute illness with vomiting

Question 2

what is the primary cause of PUD?

Answer 2

H.pylori

Question 3

what are 3 tests used to detect H.pylori?

Answer 3

• blood test
• breath test
• stool test

Question 4

S & S of gastric ulcers

Answer 4

• pain increases after eating
• anorexia
• weight loss
• hematemesis

Question 5

S & S of duodenal ulcers

Answer 5

• pain is relieved by eating, usually occurs 3-5 hours after eating or commonly at midnight
• appetite is good or normal
• may have weight gain
• melena

Question 6

Goals of pharmacological treatment of PUD and GERD

Answer 6

• neutralize gastric acid
• reduce gastric secretion
• increase mucosal defences

Question 7

what is the preferred treatment for short term therapy of GERD and long-term therapy of PUD

Answer 7

PPIs

Question 8

General side effects of PPIs

Answer 8

• indigestion
• diarrhea
• nausea
• vomiting
• abdominal pain
• flatulence

Question 9

PPI side effects: malabsorption of nutrients?

Answer 9

• B12, folate and iron
• Calcium (prolonged use increases the risk for osteoporosis)
• Magnesium (Hypomagnesemia can lead to arrhythmias )

Question 10

Cimetidine and rantididine are examples of

Answer 10

H2 receptor blockers

Question 11

Lansoprazole, omeprezole and pantoprazole are examples of?

Answer 11

PPIs

Question 12

which antacids cause constipation?

Answer 12

calcium and aluminum

Question 13

which antacid causes diarrhea?

Answer 13

magnesium

Question 14

contraindications of antacids?

Answer 14

• severe renal failure
• electrolyte imbalance
• severe cardiac disorders
• Pregnancy (Category C)

Question 15

mechanical or paralytic intestinal obstruction

Answer 15

strangulation with necrosis of the bowel may occur and lead to perforation, peritonitis and sepsis

Question 16

intussusception

Answer 16

telescoping of the bowel into the adjacent segment

Question 17

paralytic or adynamic obstruction

Answer 17

neurogenic or muscular impairment of peristalsis that can occur after abdominal surgery, during inflammatory conditions of the bowel, and with pelvic fractures or back injury

Question 18

bulk forming laxatives

Answer 18

pull water into stool and add bulk to the stool

Question 19

example of bulk forming laxative

Answer 19

Metamucil

Question 20

stool softeners

Answer 20

pull water and fat into stool

Question 21

example of a stool softener

Answer 21

Colace

Question 22

saline and osmotic laxatives

Answer 22

pull water into the stool

Question 23

examples of saline and osmotic laxatives

Answer 23

lactulose and milk of magnesia

Question 24

milk of magnesia is…?

Answer 24

renal excreted

Question 25

lactulose is not absorbed but may elevate..?

Answer 25

glucose

Question 26

stimulant laxatives

Answer 26

irritants that increase peristalsis

Question 27

examples of stimulant laxatives

Answer 27

dulcolax, Senna and castor oil

Question 28

complications of diarrhea

Answer 28

- electrolyte imbalances - dehydration - malabsorption

Question 29

Signs and symptoms of C.Dif

Answer 29

- severe diarrhea - blood or pus in the stool - fever - abdominal pain

Question 30

antihistamines like gravel have a high efficacy for?

Answer 30

motion sickness

Question 31

treatment for morning sickness

Answer 31

dilectin

Question 32

odansetron is a..?

Answer 32

serotonin receptor antagonist

Question 33

metoclopramide is a..?

Answer 33

dopamine receptor antagonist