Week 11 lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What does morality involve?

A

Morality involves the right or wrong of social behaviour, and conventional norms, and is culturally specific. It is partly based on harm, inventions, and goals.

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2
Q

What is the difference between harm on purpose and harm that is accidental?

A

Harm on purpose is intentional, while accidental harm occurs without intention.

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3
Q

What is the utilitarian view of morality?

A

The utilitarian view of morality focuses only on the outcome of actions, not the intentions behind them.

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4
Q

What are the Trolley and Footbridge dilemmas?

A

Trolley dilemma: Most people will flip the switch to kill one person to save five.
Footbridge dilemma: Most people will not push someone off a bridge to save five others

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5
Q

How do children and adults differ in moral reasoning?

A

Kids focus more on outcomes (e.g., breaking 15 glasses vs. one).
Adults focus on intentions (e.g., whether breaking a glass was accidental or intentional).

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6
Q

What is Heinz’s dilemma?

A

Heinz must decide whether to steal an expensive drug to save his wife. Children tend to say stealing is wrong, while adults understand the complex situation.

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7
Q

What is the difference between moral intuition and moral reasoning?

A

Moral intuition is emotional and based on feelings of what is right or wrong, while moral reasoning involves cognitive evaluation of the situation.

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8
Q

What areas of the brain are activated in moral-personal dilemmas?

A

Areas associated with social and emotional cognition, such as the mPFC, posterior cingulate gyrus, TPJ, and angular gyrus.

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9
Q

What areas of the brain are activated in moral-impersonal dilemmas?

A

Areas associated with working memory and cognitive control, like the DLPFC and parietal lobe.

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10
Q

How does cognitive control relate to moral decision-making?

A

Cognitive control distinguishes between moral reasoning (thinking) and moral intuition (emotional reaction).

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11
Q

What brain regions are activated when judging morality?

A

The insula, amygdala, mPFC, and right TPJ are involved in moral judgment.

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12
Q

What is the relationship between empathy, sympathy, and prosocial behaviors?

A

Prosocial behaviors, such as helping others, are rooted in the capacity to feel empathy and sympathy for others.

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13
Q

Are helpful behaviors innate in humans?

A

Yes, humans exhibit helpful behaviors regardless of external factors, but unlike chimps, they do not help if someone drops an object on purpose.

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14
Q

What influences prosocial decision-making?

A

People are more likely to make prosocial choices for friends rather than disliked peers, which activates the TPL and putamen, part of the striatum.

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15
Q

What neural correlates are associated with prosocial behaviour for friends?

A

Mentalizing, reward, and attachment areas of the brain are involved in prosocial behaviour for friends.

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