WEEK 10 STRESS AND COPING Flashcards
ACTH ( adrenocorticotropic hormone) stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete
cortisol
when an individual is disrupted by stress, the body works to maintain equilibrium by initiating the
GAS, general adaptive syndrome
3 stages of GAS (general adaptive syndrome)
alarm, resistance, exhaustion
transactional theory of stress and coping
describes stress as a dynamic process and a transaction between a person and their environment.
primary appraisal
an individual evaluates a stressor to determine whether it is a threat
episodic acute stress
characterized by frequent bouts of acute stress, usually assoc. w/ taking on too much responsibility
threatening situation triggered by a precipitating event whereby an individual experiences a strong behavioral, emotional, or psychiatric response
crisis
stage 1 of crisis intervention
Conduct a thorough biopsychosocial crisis assessment. Assess for suicidal and homicidal risk, drug and alcohol abuse, need for medical attention, and ineffective coping strategies. Assess resilience, protective factors, and support systems.
stage 2 of crisis intervention
Establish rapport and a therapeutic environment by conveying respect and acceptance. Display neutrality and a nonjudgmental attitude.
stage 3 of crisis intervention
Assess the dimensions of the problem or crisis. Identify client issues and challenges, including what precipitated the crisis, to glean insight into the presenting problem.
stage 4 of crisis intervention
Encourage the client to explore and express feelings and emotions. Use active listening, reflection, and paraphrasing, and respond with encouraging statements.
stage 5 of crisis intervention
Explore past positive coping strategies and alternatives. View the client as resourceful and resilient, and as possessing an array of potential resources and alternatives.
stage 6 of crisis intervention
Implement the action plan. Identify supportive individuals and contact referral sources.
stage 7 of crisis intervention
Establish a follow-up plan after the initial intervention to determine the client’s status and ensure that the crisis has been resolved.
common ego defense mechanisms
denial, rationalization, projection, repression, regression, compartmentalization
crisis severity scale
1 to 4, 4 being most severe
what stress does to the body (short term)
anxiety, heart beats faster and harder, muscles become tense, problems w/ sex, skin becomes sensitive, can become oily, upset stomach, faster breathing
what stress does to the body (long term)
tension headache/migraine, mental health problems, serious heart problems, hair loss, acne, fertility problems, increased risk of type 2 diabetes, trouble breathing, panic attacks
GAS alarm stage
fight or flight, prepares body for action (sympathetic nervous system)
resistance stage of GAS
body compensates for changes caused by alarm stage
GAS exhaustion stage
allostatic load, causing long term physiological problems. chronic medical issues
secondary traumatic stress
a trauma one experiences from witnessing other peoples suffering. component of compassion fatigue which is common in healthcare workers
PTSD
begins when person experiences, witnesses, or is confronted with a traumatic event
stages of stress theory
primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, coping, reappraisal
primary appraisal
mentally rates an event in terms of its meaning and experiences stress if the event is significant
Secondary appraisal
Considers possible coping strategies/resources and experiences stress if the
demands of the event exceed the ability to cope
Coping
Cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage a stressor
Reappraisal
Coping mechanism is working or it is not….
crisis
a major change that pushes the individual well past the previous ways of coping
types of crisis
situational, maturational, adventitious, socioeconomic, cultural
adventitious crisis
something bizarre, such as a house burning down or being robbed
situational crisis
chronic illness to job pressures
socioeconomic crisis
poverty, homelessness,
cultural crisis
oppression, discrimination
ego defense mechanisms
something we do naturally to block out feelings of worthlessness and anxiety
defense mechanisms
compensation (compartmentalization), conversion (repression), denial, displacement (projection), identification, dissociation, regression, rationalization
second victim syndrome
when a medical error that results in significant harm to a patient occurs
eustress
moderate or normal physiological stress, interpreted as being beneficial to
stress & coping nursing process
notice risk factors for stress, recognize maladaptive coping, provide appropriate nursing interventions to manage stress and optimize the coping response
allostasis
balance between stressors and coping mechanisms
True or false? irritable bowel syndrome can be a stress-related condition
true
cortisol
stress hormone
the cumulative effects that chronic stress has on mental and physical health
allostatic load
intellectualization
overthinking
projection
blaming, disliking qualities in others that we also possess, being paranoid that others are mistreating us when we are mistreating them
regression
returning to old habits or even to a younger developmental stage in extreme stages
compartmentalization
compensation. overcompensating in an area to feel better about not being good at something
conversion
having fear regarding situations, people, places, animals, objects etc… but not remembering why
denial
avoiding stressors, even to the point of not even thinking about it.
displacement
taking out our problems on people who are unrelated to them
identification
attachment to something or someone, dangerous in situations of abuse
dissociation
losing touch w/ reality or staying outside of onesself
rationalization
justifying bad coping mechanisms by looking for logic in them. making excuses for
Are ego defense mechanisms bad?
they’re not good or bad on their own. we all have them. sometimes they keep us alive. what matters is they do not control our lives, and that we can recognize them, and deal with the ACTUAL STRESSOR or get help if we don’t know how to do that responsibly
