WEEK 10 PAIN Flashcards
what is the number one reason why people seek health care?
pain
severe pain is an _____
emergency
pain threshold vs pain tolerance
pain threshold : minimum intensity at which a person begins to perceive pain
pain tolerance : maximum amount of pain a person can bear
idopathic pain
pain with no identifiable cause
how long does one have pain before it is considered chronic?
greater than 6 months beyond tissue healing
types of nociceptive pain
somatic, visceral, cutaneous
nociceptive pain is activated by
chemical substances, tissue
damage, extreme temperature, pressure
changes
neuropathic pain
nerve pain arising from somatosensory system. described as “pins and needles”
cancer pain
can be acute or chronic, usually R/T tumor, pathological processes, invasive procedures, chemotherapy, radiation-induced pain, infection, neuropathies
PQRST
Precipitating cause, quality, region, severity, timing
FLACC
Face, legs, activity, cry, consolability
CRIES
crying, requries oxygen, increased vital sign, expressioni, sleeplessness
NVPS
nonverbal pain scale
behavioral responses to pain
body movements (guarding), facial expressions, moaning, crying, restlessness, frequent requests
pain descriptors
aching, throbbing, stabbing, pounding, sharp, gripping, dull, tearing, radiating, cutting, burning, scalding
nonpharmacological pain interventions
positioning, distraction, CBT, acupuncture, acupressure, chiropractic therapy, CAM-therapeutic touch, cutaneous stimulation i.e TENS unit
most common and effective method of pain relief
analgesic
NSAID
Vary little in analgesic potency but do vary
in anti-inflammatory effects, metabolism,
excretions, and side effects
Have a ceiling effect
Narrow therapeutic index
E.g. acetaminophen, ibuprofen, aspirin
No ceiling on analgesia
Dosage can be steadily increased to relieve
pain
E.g., morphine, oxycodone, hydromorphone
Alert: sedation, respiratory depression, other
side effects; nausea, vomiting, itching, urinary
retention, myoclonus, altered mental
processes.
for moderate to severe pain.
opioid (narcotic)
Patient-controlled analgesia
It is a
computerized intravenous pump with a syringe of a
prescribed opioid medicine usually morphine,
fentanyl, or hydromorphone.
Routes of Administration
Oral
Nasal
Transdermal
Rectal
Subcutaneous
IM
IV
Intraspinal
PCA – patient controlled analgesia
pain clinic
treats inpatient and outpatient
to find most effective pain relief
Palliative Care
learning to live life to it’s
fullest with an incurable condition
cares for patients at end-of-life
Hospice
