MEDICATION ADMINISTRAITON Flashcards
most common errors in healthcare
adverse drug events, burns, equipment failure, falls
T or F? 1.5 million people injured each year due to
medication errors……….costing 3.5 billion
annually
true
Pharmacology
the study of the effects of drugs on
living organisms
Drug Names: 3 different names
Chemical name : refers to the drug chemicals it is made
of, shortened for researchers ( i.e. N-acetyl-para-
aminophenol (Tylenol)
Generic name: the name given by the manufacturer
who first develops the drug. (i.e. acetaminophen)
(Tylenol). It becomes the official name in the USP.
Trade or Brand Name: marketing name, given to it by
the maker, has the TM (Tylenol)
Pharmacokinetics
what the
body does to the drug.
First Pass Effect
oral drugs pass through liver
and partly metabolize before reaching their
target organ.
Factors affecting distribution are:
Circulation - blood flow (PVR, CO)
2.Membrane permeability - lipid solubility
3.Protein binding - plasma proteins
what happensif 2 protein binding drugs are given together?
risk for toxicity
Half-Life
the time required for the for the
body’s elimination processes to reduce the
drug’s concentration to one-half
Peak plasma level
the highest plasma level
achieved by a single dose, when absorption
and elimination are equal
trough concentration
lowest level of drug
concentration after administration
Maintaining Client’s Rights
Inform patients about all aspects… drug name, purpose,
action of a medication, potential for undesired affects
To refuse a medication regardless of consequences
Have qualified nurses and physicians assess medication
history, including allergies
Advised of experimental nature and give written consent
Receive labeled medications
Receive supportive therapy in relation to med therapy
Not receive unnecessary medications
To be informed if medication is part of a research study
prodrugs
Contain inactive chemicals that are activated through metabolism to exert their therapeutic effects.
rights of med administration
right client, right meds, right dose, right route, right time, right assessment, right documentation, right to refuse, right education, right evaluation
how long can you wait to give STAT prescriptions?
30 minutes to 1 hour
enteric-coated medication
Medications that are formulated to be dissolved and released in the small intestines for a slower release and can be administered less frequently during the day.
sustained release medications
tablets designed to release meds slowly over an extended period
lipohyperophy
the formation of small lumps beneath the skin due to irritated fatty tissue
infiltration
occurs when an infusing intravenous fluid or medication is idadvertently adminstered to surrounding tissue AEB pain, swelling, redness, cool skin temp at insertion site, repeated alarming of IV pump
steps of injection
1) prepare syringe. 2)put on gloves. 3) select + clean site 4) remove needle 5) pinch 6) pierce skin quickly, smoothly. 7) aspirate 8) inject 9) remove needle
intradermal injections
administering medications to dermal layer of skin to form a wheal
sites for intradermal injections
inner lower arm, upper chest, back beneath scapula
needle for intradermal injections
25 to 27 gauge and 1/2 to 5/8 inches long
TB and allergy tests are an example of what type of injection?
intradermal
True or false? Large amount of fluid can be injected intradermally
false. small amounts like 0.1 ml
sites for subcutaenous injections
outer aspect of arm, anterior portion of thighs, abdomen, upper back, ventrogluteal and dorsogluteal areas
Angle to inch relationship for subcutaneous injections
Pinch 2 inches- 90 degree angle, Pinch an inch-45
degree angle
needle sizes for subcutaneous injections
25 to 27gauge and 3/8 to 5/8 inches long
True or false : always aspirate heparin
false. never aspirate heparin
Where is heparin almost always given?
in the abdomen, 2 inches from the umbilicus
types of prescriptions
routine, PRN, now (within 90 minutes) STAT immediately (30 minutes maximum)
Break only _____ tablets
scored
What types of medications cannot be crushed?
time released, sustained release, enteric coated, sublingual
ideally, those who have an NG, G, or J tube should take medications in liquid form. However, sometimes this is not an option. What is the alternative?
crush pills that can be crushed, then dissolve in 30 mL of warm water.
If a client’s NG is attached to suction, how long should the suction be turned off before delivering medication?
30 minutes or more
Precautions to take before and after giving meds to those with gastric tubes?
Verify placement and residual. Flush with 15-30 ml of water before. Flush again after.
how to mix vial medications
1) mix by rotating, not shaking.
2) remove protective cap or clean with alcohol
3) insert needle, inject air
4) aspirate medication
5) recap with one handed method
Reconstituting meds in a vial
1) read label to determine type and amount of diluents
2) inject air and aspirate appropriate amount of liquid
3) inject liquid in vial with medication
4) gently roll vial between hands
5) read label to determine drug concentration
