ERGONOMICS/BODY MECHANICS Flashcards
use of muscles to maintain posture, body alignment, and balance
body mechanics
design of work tasks to best suit capabilities of workers
ergonomics
True or false? wider base = greater stability
true
true or false? lower center of gravity = greater stability
true
facing the direction of movement prevents abnormal twisting of the ___
spine
equilibrium of an object is maintained as long as ___
line of gravity passes through base of support
dividing balanced activity between arms and legs reduces the risk of
back injury
what are the most prevalent and debilitating occupational health hazards among nurses?
musculoskeletal disorders
true or false? the safest way to lift is with assistive equipment
true
semi-fowler’s position
HOB elevated between 15-45 degrees
semi-fowler’s safety benefits
prevents aspiration, promotes lung expansion
fowler’s positon
HOB at 45-60 degrees
fowler’s position safety uses
useful during procedures, allows for better chest expansion and dependent drainage after abdominal surgeries
High-Fowler’s
patient supine w/ HOB at 60-90 degrees
high fowler’s safety benefits
promotes lung expansion, prevents aspiration
supine or dorsal recumbent
patient on back , head and shoulders elevated, pillow under feet for support
why might a patient benefit from prone position?
promotion of drainage from mouth, prevents hip contractures post lower extremity amputation
benefits of side lying
pressure ulcer prevention
difference between side (lateral) lying and sim’s/semi-prone positon
differs in distribution of weight. sims’ positon = legs spread out while lying on side. how a lot of people naturally sleep at night
orthpenic positon
patient sits in bed or on bedside w/ pillow on the over-bed table across lap.
orthopenic position benefits
allows for chest expansion. often used for people w/ COPD
Trendelenburg position
entire bed tilted w/ HOB lower than foot of bed
Trendelenburg position benefits
facilitation of postural drainage and venous return
Reverse Trendelenburg
Entire bed is tilted with the foot of the bed lower than the
head of the bed
Reverse Trendelenburg benefits
promotes gastric emptying
Modified Trendelenburg
Client remains flat with the legs above the level of their
heart
modified trendelenburg benefits
helps prevent and treat hypovolemia and facilitates venous return
helps maintain joint mobility and muscle
strength for clients who are unable to ambulate or exercise
ROM (Range of motion)
Passive ROM
—nurse/PT are moving the joint for the patient
Active ROM
performed by the patient with the nurse/PT supervising
Is it ok to force a joint to move when performing ROM?
slight resistance is ok but it should not hurt
ROM should be smooth, ____, and _____
symmetrical, sequential
should you cradle a joint to support it during ROM?
yes
why do we perform ROM, and how often?
maintains joint mobility and muscle strength for clients who are unable to ambulate or exercise. usually performed 1-2 times a day but is up to the provider to
3 questions to consider when deciding safest method to transfer patient
Can they bear weight?
Can they assist?
Are they cooperative?
How to support a patient falling or fainting
Assume wide base of support with one foot in front of the other,
supporting the patient’s body weight
Extend one leg, let the patient slide against the leg, and gently
lower the patient to the floor, protecting the head
When patient attempts ambulation again, proceed more slowly,
monitor for dizziness and take blood pressure before, during and
after ambulation
