Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology > Week 10- infection basics > Flashcards

Week 10- infection basics Flashcards

1
Q

What are Koch’s postulates

A
  1. The microorganism must be found in every organism with the disease
  2. The pathogen can be isolated from the infected organizm and grown in a pure culture
  3. The cultured organism should cause the disease when introduced into a healthy organism
  4. The pathogen must be isolated from the new host and must be identical to the microorganism grown in culture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the only one of Koch’s postulates that was not disproven

A

The pathogen must be isolated from the host and must be identical to the microorganism grown in culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What idea around one specific microbe is important for Kuch

A

One specific microbe causes one specific case of an illness (i.e. usually strep pnumonia can cause pnumonia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Resident vs transient microorganisms

A

Resident- live in or on us consistantly
Transient- live on us temporarily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are opportunisitic pathogens

A

Cause diseases when the host allows them to do so (i.e. when immune system is weak)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are primary pathogens

A

Something like the flu- can infect healthy hosts and cause infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are communicable vs noncommunicable diseases

A

Communicable- spread from one person to another by direct contact (i.e. herpes)
Noncommunicable- can not be spread from one person to another (i.e. teatnus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Local vs systemic infections

A

Local- found in one area, often near site of entry
Systemic- Affects entire body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an example of a virus that goes from being Local to being Systemic

A

Varicella zoster infects through lungs and then becomes systemic chickenpox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the stages of pathogenesis in the body

A
  1. Transmission/Entry
  2. Adhesion
  3. Invasion
  4. Infection
  5. Evasion of host immune system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Active vs passive carrier

A

Active: Carry disease, can transmit to someone else
Passive: Has disease in body fluid or on skin, is asymptomatic, but is not “infected”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Are passive carriers symptomatic or asymptomatic

A

asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are sterile sites on the body

A

Brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessils, ovaries, liver, fat, blood vessils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are steril fluids in the body

A

CSF, fluid in eye, blood, fluid in heart cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an infectious disease

A

a disease caused by a pathogen (can be communicable or noncommunicable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a zoonotic infection

A

an infectious diasese that can be spread from animal to humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 3 main types of infectious disease transmission

A

Contact, vehicle, or vector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are types of Contact transmission

A

Direct, indirect, droplet (larger droplets), congenital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are vehicle transmission types

A

Airborne, waterborn, foodborne

20
Q

What are vector transmission types

A

Mechanical (body or feet of arthropod (insect) to person), biological ( bite, vomit, or poop of insect

21
Q

Virulance is classified by what

A

the ability of a microorganism to cause an infection and damage to its host
A mild cold vs extreme infection (Virulance has degrees- very dangerous vs not)

22
Q

Where does mucosa line our body

A

Mouth, respiratory, GI, urinary tract

23
Q

Was COVID or H1N1 more virulant

A

H1N1, which was killing younger people earlier.

24
Q

What are the 5 portals of entry into the body by a pathogen

A
  • skin
    -nose
    -mouth
    -colon
    -vagina
25
What are the approxamate number of pathogens that cause disease?
Viruses and prions: 14-15% Bacteria: 38-41% Fungi: 22-23% Protozoa: 4-5% Helminths: 20%
26
What is adhesion
A protein or glycoprotein on the surface of a pathogen that helps it adhere to receptors on the host cell.
27
What is pathogenicity
The ability of a pathogen to cause an infectious disease Ability is either present or not present
28
What is one example of a host defense and how pathogens overcome this defense
Host defense: microbe ingested and killed by phagocytes > Outer wall or capsule will impede phagocytosis. Host defense: The host produces an antibody > destroys the antibody by having the bacterium produce IgA protease
29
What are the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
1. They multiply more quickly than humans, 2. they can perform horizontal gene transfer to mutate genes for antibiotic resistance
30
What is horizontal gene transfer
Plasmid exchange, and plasmids often carry genes for antibiotic resistance
31
Where do you find c difficile
soil and gut of humans and animals
32
What are the common diseases that c diff are associated with
Gangrene Tetanus Botulism Food poisoning Pseudomembranous colitis
33
What is an important cause of pathology in most c diff diseases
Potent protein exotoxins
34
Diseases caused by Clostridium tetani
Teatnus toxin- block release of glycine and GABA, cause paralysis and lockjaw In soil in spores, when break skin they germinate. Cannot be spread from person to person
35
What is the pathology of Clostridium Botulinum
Acts on neurons to stimulate contractions, blocks release of AcH
36
Clostridium difficile pathology and diseases
Severe abdominal pain, dharrhea, fever, can cause septic shock and death. Can get it from touching contaminated surfaces, breathing air, or taking antibiotics
37
Clostridium Perfringens pathology
Gas gangrene found in soil and feces, can enter through a wound cause necrosis, produces alpha toxin which leads to cell lysis and death
38
Mycobacterium genus characteristics
Tuberculosis, leprocy.
39
How to prevent Mycobacterium genus
Vaccination in endemic areas, pasteurization of milk
40
How is teberculosis initiated
mycobacterium tb can survive in macrophages, and tb is thought to be initatated that way
41
What is a fomate
an contaminated object (indirect contact)
42
What does H pylori use in invasion
Exoenzyme- urease- to turn urea into ammonia to cause ulcers. At High pH, mucin liquefies, and can invade gastric tract.
43
How do pathogens adhere
fimbriae, pili, spike proteins( viruses) , etc Hooks (protozoa)
44
What does staph aureus produce
TSST
45
What is most common cause of death due to infection worldwide
TB
46
How many bacterial cells cause TB
10

Microbiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions