Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

What is a parasite

A

an organism or virus that lives in or on a host and benefits from them while harming them at the same time

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2
Q

What must a pathogen do in the host?

A

Enter, persist, and reproduce

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3
Q

What are the key players in human pathogens?

A

Bacteria (make up 40% of total) and then Fungi (20%)

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4
Q

which bacteria have a layer of lipopolysaccharides

A

gram-negative bacteria have an outer layer of lipopolysaccharides

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5
Q

of bacteria, archaea, and eukarya, which are pathogens

A

bacteria and eukarya

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6
Q

What are the main differences between microparasites and macroparasites

A

micro: live inside a host cell and replicate in the host(viruses, bacteria, fungi)
macro: leave the host after replicating (worms, arthropods)

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7
Q

What are the advantages of intracellular life

A
  • access to nutrients in host cell
  • hidden from phagocytes and antibodies
  • hidden from antibiotics
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8
Q

advantages and disadvantage of extracellular life

A
  • obtain nutrients from fluids between cells
  • grow and reproduce freely
  • spread rapidly
    disadvantage: continuous exposure to host immune system
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9
Q

Which pathogen causes the least infections in humans

A

protozoa

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10
Q

Key features of Adenoviruses

A

Diseases: Pharynconjunctival fever, acute respiratory disease, gastroenteritis, mesenteric adenitis, intussusceptions, keratoconjunctavis, hepatitis, CNS disease
Transmission: respiratory droplets, eye to eye
Pathogenesis: Infect epithelium of respiratory tract and eyes/intestines
Treatment/prevention: Ribavirin and cidofovir, live oral vaccine

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11
Q

Staphylococcus aureus Characteristics

A

Diseases: Boils, skin sepsis, post-op wound infections, catheter infections, food bourne illnesses, endocarditis, TSS, pneumonia
Transmission: Humans skin and nose
Treatment: Penicillins, muprirocin, isolation

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12
Q

Candida albicans

A

Characteristics: fungus
Diseases: Thrush, candidiasis
Transmission: Normal part of skin, mouth, intestine
Treatment: Topical and oral antifungals, Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, itraconazole

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13
Q

Giardia intestinalis

A

Protozoan
Diseases: giardiasis
Transmission: fecal-oral
Pathogenisis: Diarrhea and impaired absorbtion
Treatment: Metronidazole, tinidazole

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14
Q

Genus Taenia

A

-Tapeworms
Diseases: (Taeniasis) Beef and pork tapeworms, cysticercosis (larval stages)
Transmission: Eating raw or undercooked meet from animals infected with larvae
Pathogenesis: Cysts in brain leads to neurological symptoms, adult worms symptomatic
Treatment: Niclosamide, praziquantel, albendazole

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15
Q

What organism can cause human infections and is a prokaryote?

A

Bacteria

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16
Q

What is candida albicans?

A

a eukaryotic pathogen that can infect humans

17
Q

What class of organism is responsible for diseases like malaria and giardia?

18
Q

Helminths are what kind of pathogen?

19
Q

What is a characteristic that fungi, protozoa, and worms share?

A

They are eukaryotic organisms

20
Q

What type of pathogen causes the most types of infections in humans?

21
Q

Describe the chromosome of a typical bacteria

A

circular and in the nucleoid

22
Q

What is found in all prokaryotic cells?

23
Q

What structure in prokaryotic cells contains the genetic material

24
Q

What type of infection is commonly associated with staphylococcus aureus?

A

skin and soft tissue infections, such as impedigo, boils, and absesses

25
What is a common symptom of an adenovirus infection?
Cough and cold-like symptoms
25
Canadis albicans affects which area of the body most commonly?
Mouth, throat, genitals
25
What is the most common route of transmission for geiardia intestinalis?
Contaminated water or food
26
What is a key virulence factor of staphylococcus aureus that helps it evade a host's immune system?
Its coagulase, which allows acteria to form clots