Fungi Quiz 4 Study guide

Question 1

Describe the structure of fungi

Answer 1

• Cell walls, Chitin (Not peptidoglycan or cellulose)
• NOT organized into tissues

Question 2

How do most fungi get nutrients

Answer 2

Saprotrophic nutrition- secrete enzymes that digest organic matter, then ingest by endocytosis

Question 3

What are the 2 forms of fungi

Answer 3

yeast and molds

Question 4

Difference bewteen Yeasts and Molds

Answer 4

Yeasts are unicellular fungi, molds are multicellular fungi

Question 5

What are dimorphic fungi

Answer 5

Can change between yeasts and molds depending on environment
- Outdoor- soil is a mold
- In lungs- can turn to a yeast to cause lung infection

Question 6

What structure are yeasts found in

Answer 6

Pseudohyphae- chains

Question 7

What structure are molds found in and what are the 2 types

Answer 7

hyphae- long strings of cells
- Septate hyphae have walls
- Aseptate hyphae do not

Question 8

How do molds grow?

Answer 8

longitudinally and by branching

Question 9

Hyphae form a tangle called what

Answer 9

a mycelium (mold in the lung is in a mycelium)

Question 10

What was the original source of penicillin

Answer 10

mold

Question 11

What are infections in humans caused by molds called

Answer 11

fungal infections

Question 12

How do yeasts reproduce

Answer 12

budding

Question 13

Compare the cell membranes of fungi with human cells

Answer 13

Both are phospholipid bilayers, Cholestorol is sterol in people, ergosterol is sterol in fungi.
Ergosterol is a common target of antifungal drugs

Question 14

What are the 3 different things that fungi can be found as in the human body

Answer 14

Normal microbiome, opportunisitic pathogens, primary pathogens

Question 15

Candida albicans pathology

Answer 15

oral thrush, yeast infection, transmitted through normal skin microbio overgrowth

Question 16

Tineas infection pathology

Answer 16

Ringworm, nail infections, fungi in warm environments

Question 17

Aspergillus fumigatus pathology

Answer 17

• Mold that lives in soil, infections lead to rhinitis and pharyngitis

Question 18

Which fungi causes hyphal colonies (fungal balls)

Answer 18

Aspergillus fumigatus
- lead to lung hemmorhages

Question 19

Pneumocystis jirovecci pathology

Answer 19

yeast- found normally in healthy people, cause pnumonea in people with AIDS or immunocompromised

Question 20

Which pathogen leads to ground glass lungs

Answer 20

Oneumocystitis jirovecii

Question 21

How do fungi obtain nutrients?
a by absorption
b by photosynthesis
c by a and b
d it is not known

Answer 21

By absorption

Question 22

Do fungal cells have cell membranes and walls?
a yes, no
b no, yes
c yes, yes
d no, no

Answer 22

Yes, Yes- Have both cell membranes and walls

Question 23

How do many fungi eat?
a by phototrophic nutrition.
b by saprotrophic nutrition.
c using an oral groove and anal pore.
d none of the above

Answer 23

B- by saprotrophic nutrition

Question 24

What type of organisms are fungi?
a single-celled eukaryotes
b multiple-celled eukaryotes
c single-celled and multiple-celled eukaryotes
d single-celled and multiple-celled prokaryotes

Answer 24

Single and multi celled eukaryotes

Question 25

What type of organisms are yeasts? a single-celled eukaryotes b multiple-celled eukaryotes c single-celled prokaryotes d multiple-celled prokaryotes

Answer 25

Single celled eukaryotes

Question 26

What life form do yeasts have? a unicellular b acellular c multicellular d ambidexterous

Answer 26

Unicellular

Question 27

What type of organisms are molds? a single-celled eukaryotes b multiple-celled eukaryotes c single-celled prokaryotes d multiple-celled prokaryotes

Answer 27

Multiple celled eukaryotes

Question 28

What life form do molds have? a unicellular b acellular c multicellular d ambidexterous

Answer 28

Multicellular

Question 29

hat are hyphae? a yeast cells with cellulose walls. b individual fungal cells with chitin walls. c filamentous strings of fungal cells. d plants

Answer 29

Strings of fungal cells

Question 30

What fungi can be pathogens? Choose all that apply. a protozoa b yeast c spiders d molds

Answer 30

Yeast and Mold

Question 31

What is a mycosis? a a collection of pus b an infection that causes warts c a superficial blister d a fungal infection

Answer 31

A fungal infection

Question 32

What part of the bodies do dermatophytes use as food? a keratin b DNA c sebum d blood

Answer 32

Keratin

Question 33

Where do we find Tinea Cruris, Pedis, and Unguium (onychomycosis)

Answer 33

Cruris- groin Pedis- foot Unguium- nails

Question 34

Which fungi can cause tonail infections

Answer 34

a Candida albicans b Microsporum c Epidermophyton

Question 35

What is a common treatment for cutaneous fungal infections

Answer 35

Azoles topically

Question 36

Match the fungus and its distinguishing characteristics. Aspergillus fumigatus __________ Pneumocystis jiroveci __________ a can form fungal balls in the lungs b may be transmitted by bat feces c the leading cause of pneumonia in AIDS d has a very thick capsule

Answer 36

Aspergillus- Can form fungal balls in the lungs Pneumocystis- Leading cause of pnumonia in AIDS

Question 37

What is used for prevention and treatment of Pneumocystis? a penicillin b amphotericin B c TMP-SMX d an azole drug

Answer 37

TMP-SMX

Question 38

Are protozoa unicellular or multicellular

Answer 38

Unicellular eukaryotes

Question 39

Amoebas vs flagellates vs apicomplexans vs clilliates

Answer 39

Amoebas- Crawling Flagellates- Swimming Apicomplexans- nonmotile Cilliates- Swimming

Question 40

How do amoebas move?

Answer 40

ameboid movement

Question 41

Do protozoa have cell walls?

Answer 41

No, but they have a pellicle (supportive layer outside or under cell membrane)

Question 42

What do protozoa feed on

Answer 42

carbon compounds, some can potocynthesize or are parasites

Question 43

How do protozoa reproduce

Answer 43

Asexually, sexually, or both

Question 44

What are the life stages protozoa usually have

Answer 44

Trophozoite- active, feeding and reproducing stage Cyst- survival stage with protective wall

Question 45

What protists are most likely to be pathogens? a protozoa b worms c algae d mites

Answer 45

Protozoa

Question 46

What 3 Protists are rarely or never pathogens? Choose 3. a protozoa b algae c plants d slime molds

Answer 46

Algae, plants, slime molds

Question 47

Entamoba histolytica pathology

Answer 47

Dysentary, severe diarrhea - Amobea

Question 48

Flagellates that cause common pathogenic responses

Answer 48

Giardia (diarrhea), Trichomonas (STI)

Question 49

Ciliates that cause common pathogenic infections

Answer 49

Balantidium coli (diarhea)

Question 50

Apicomplexans with common infections

Answer 50

Cryptosporidum hominis- diarrhea plasmodium- malaria Toxoplasma goldii- flu- like symptoms

Question 51

Common route of transmission for Trichinella spiralis infections:

Answer 51

Consumption of undercooked or raw pork containing Trichinella larvae, which encyst in the muscle tissue of infected animals.

Question 52

Life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides, including its size in the human intestinal tract:

Answer 52

Ascaris lumbricoides eggs are ingested from contaminated soil or food, and once in the intestines, they hatch into larvae. The larvae migrate through the bloodstream to the lungs, ascend the respiratory tract, and are swallowed back into the intestines, where they mature. Adults can grow up to 30 cm (12 inches)

Question 53

Life cycle of Schistosoma blood flukes, including essential intermediate hosts:

Answer 53

Schistosoma species have a complex life cycle involving snails as intermediate hosts. Larvae released from snails enter human skin upon contact with contaminated water. In humans, the larvae develop into adult flukes that live in blood vessels, releasing eggs that exit through urine or feces to continue the cycle.