Fungi Quiz 4 Study guide Flashcards
Describe the structure of fungi
- Cell walls, Chitin (Not peptidoglycan or cellulose)
- NOT organized into tissues
How do most fungi get nutrients
Saprotrophic nutrition- secrete enzymes that digest organic matter, then ingest by endocytosis
What are the 2 forms of fungi
yeast and molds
Difference bewteen Yeasts and Molds
Yeasts are unicellular fungi, molds are multicellular fungi
What are dimorphic fungi
Can change between yeasts and molds depending on environment
- Outdoor- soil is a mold
- In lungs- can turn to a yeast to cause lung infection
What structure are yeasts found in
Pseudohyphae- chains
What structure are molds found in and what are the 2 types
hyphae- long strings of cells
- Septate hyphae have walls
- Aseptate hyphae do not
How do molds grow?
longitudinally and by branching
Hyphae form a tangle called what
a mycelium (mold in the lung is in a mycelium)
What was the original source of penicillin
mold
What are infections in humans caused by molds called
fungal infections
How do yeasts reproduce
budding
Compare the cell membranes of fungi with human cells
Both are phospholipid bilayers, Cholestorol is sterol in people, ergosterol is sterol in fungi.
Ergosterol is a common target of antifungal drugs
What are the 3 different things that fungi can be found as in the human body
Normal microbiome, opportunisitic pathogens, primary pathogens
Candida albicans pathology
oral thrush, yeast infection, transmitted through normal skin microbio overgrowth
Tineas infection pathology
Ringworm, nail infections, fungi in warm environments
Aspergillus fumigatus pathology
- Mold that lives in soil, infections lead to rhinitis and pharyngitis
Which fungi causes hyphal colonies (fungal balls)
Aspergillus fumigatus
- lead to lung hemmorhages
Pneumocystis jirovecci pathology
yeast- found normally in healthy people, cause pnumonea in people with AIDS or immunocompromised
Which pathogen leads to ground glass lungs
Oneumocystitis jirovecii
How do fungi obtain nutrients?
a by absorption
b by photosynthesis
c by a and b
d it is not known
By absorption
Do fungal cells have cell membranes and walls?
a yes, no
b no, yes
c yes, yes
d no, no
Yes, Yes- Have both cell membranes and walls
How do many fungi eat?
a by phototrophic nutrition.
b by saprotrophic nutrition.
c using an oral groove and anal pore.
d none of the above
B- by saprotrophic nutrition
What type of organisms are fungi?
a single-celled eukaryotes
b multiple-celled eukaryotes
c single-celled and multiple-celled eukaryotes
d single-celled and multiple-celled prokaryotes
Single and multi celled eukaryotes
What type of organisms are yeasts?
a single-celled eukaryotes
b multiple-celled eukaryotes
c single-celled prokaryotes
d multiple-celled prokaryotes
Single celled eukaryotes
What life form do yeasts have?
a unicellular
b acellular
c multicellular
d ambidexterous
Unicellular
What type of organisms are molds?
a single-celled eukaryotes
b multiple-celled eukaryotes
c single-celled prokaryotes
d multiple-celled prokaryotes
Multiple celled eukaryotes
What life form do molds have?
a unicellular
b acellular
c multicellular
d ambidexterous
Multicellular
hat are hyphae?
a yeast cells with cellulose walls.
b individual fungal cells with chitin walls.
c filamentous strings of fungal cells.
d plants
Strings of fungal cells
What fungi can be pathogens? Choose all that apply.
a protozoa
b yeast
c spiders
d molds
Yeast and Mold
What is a mycosis?
a a collection of pus
b an infection that causes warts
c a superficial blister
d a fungal infection
A fungal infection
What part of the bodies do dermatophytes use as food?
a keratin
b DNA
c sebum
d blood
Keratin
Where do we find Tinea Cruris, Pedis, and Unguium (onychomycosis)
Cruris- groin
Pedis- foot
Unguium- nails
Which fungi can cause tonail infections
a Candida albicans
b Microsporum
c Epidermophyton
What is a common treatment for cutaneous fungal infections
Azoles topically
Match the fungus and its distinguishing characteristics.
Aspergillus fumigatus __________
Pneumocystis jiroveci __________
a can form fungal balls in the lungs
b may be transmitted by bat feces
c the leading cause of pneumonia in AIDS
d has a very thick capsule
Aspergillus- Can form fungal balls in the lungs
Pneumocystis- Leading cause of pnumonia in AIDS
What is used for prevention and treatment of Pneumocystis?
a penicillin
b amphotericin B
c TMP-SMX
d an azole drug
TMP-SMX
Are protozoa unicellular or multicellular
Unicellular eukaryotes
Amoebas vs flagellates vs apicomplexans vs clilliates
Amoebas- Crawling
Flagellates- Swimming
Apicomplexans- nonmotile
Cilliates- Swimming
How do amoebas move?
ameboid movement
Do protozoa have cell walls?
No, but they have a pellicle (supportive layer outside or under cell membrane)
What do protozoa feed on
carbon compounds, some can potocynthesize or are parasites
How do protozoa reproduce
Asexually, sexually, or both
What are the life stages protozoa usually have
Trophozoite- active, feeding and reproducing stage
Cyst- survival stage with protective wall
What protists are most likely to be pathogens?
a protozoa
b worms
c algae
d mites
Protozoa
What 3 Protists are rarely or never pathogens? Choose 3.
a protozoa
b algae
c plants
d slime molds
Algae, plants, slime molds
Entamoba histolytica pathology
Dysentary, severe diarrhea
- Amobea
Flagellates that cause common pathogenic responses
Giardia (diarrhea), Trichomonas (STI)
Ciliates that cause common pathogenic infections
Balantidium coli (diarhea)
Apicomplexans with common infections
Cryptosporidum hominis- diarrhea
plasmodium- malaria
Toxoplasma goldii- flu- like symptoms
Common route of transmission for Trichinella spiralis infections:
Consumption of undercooked or raw pork containing Trichinella larvae, which encyst in the muscle tissue of infected animals.
Life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides, including its size in the human intestinal tract:
Ascaris lumbricoides eggs are ingested from contaminated soil or food, and once in the intestines, they hatch into larvae. The larvae migrate through the bloodstream to the lungs, ascend the respiratory tract, and are swallowed back into the intestines, where they mature. Adults can grow up to 30 cm (12 inches)
Life cycle of Schistosoma blood flukes, including essential intermediate hosts:
Schistosoma species have a complex life cycle involving snails as intermediate hosts. Larvae released from snails enter human skin upon contact with contaminated water. In humans, the larvae develop into adult flukes that live in blood vessels, releasing eggs that exit through urine or feces to continue the cycle.
