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Microbiology > Fungi Quiz 4 Study guide > Flashcards

Fungi Quiz 4 Study guide Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe the structure of fungi

A
  • Cell walls, Chitin (Not peptidoglycan or cellulose)
  • NOT organized into tissues
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2
Q

How do most fungi get nutrients

A

Saprotrophic nutrition- secrete enzymes that digest organic matter, then ingest by endocytosis

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3
Q

What are the 2 forms of fungi

A

yeast and molds

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4
Q

Difference bewteen Yeasts and Molds

A

Yeasts are unicellular fungi, molds are multicellular fungi

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5
Q

What are dimorphic fungi

A

Can change between yeasts and molds depending on environment
- Outdoor- soil is a mold
- In lungs- can turn to a yeast to cause lung infection

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6
Q

What structure are yeasts found in

A

Pseudohyphae- chains

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7
Q

What structure are molds found in and what are the 2 types

A

hyphae- long strings of cells
- Septate hyphae have walls
- Aseptate hyphae do not

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8
Q

How do molds grow?

A

longitudinally and by branching

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9
Q

Hyphae form a tangle called what

A

a mycelium (mold in the lung is in a mycelium)

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10
Q

What was the original source of penicillin

A

mold

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11
Q

What are infections in humans caused by molds called

A

fungal infections

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12
Q

How do yeasts reproduce

A

budding

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13
Q

Compare the cell membranes of fungi with human cells

A

Both are phospholipid bilayers, Cholestorol is sterol in people, ergosterol is sterol in fungi.
Ergosterol is a common target of antifungal drugs

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14
Q

What are the 3 different things that fungi can be found as in the human body

A

Normal microbiome, opportunisitic pathogens, primary pathogens

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15
Q

Candida albicans pathology

A

oral thrush, yeast infection, transmitted through normal skin microbio overgrowth

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16
Q

Tineas infection pathology

A

Ringworm, nail infections, fungi in warm environments

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17
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus pathology

A
  • Mold that lives in soil, infections lead to rhinitis and pharyngitis
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18
Q

Which fungi causes hyphal colonies (fungal balls)

A

Aspergillus fumigatus
- lead to lung hemmorhages

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19
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecci pathology

A

yeast- found normally in healthy people, cause pnumonea in people with AIDS or immunocompromised

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20
Q

Which pathogen leads to ground glass lungs

A

Oneumocystitis jirovecii

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21
Q

How do fungi obtain nutrients?
a by absorption
b by photosynthesis
c by a and b
d it is not known

A

By absorption

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22
Q

Do fungal cells have cell membranes and walls?
a yes, no
b no, yes
c yes, yes
d no, no

A

Yes, Yes- Have both cell membranes and walls

23
Q

How do many fungi eat?
a by phototrophic nutrition.
b by saprotrophic nutrition.
c using an oral groove and anal pore.
d none of the above

A

B- by saprotrophic nutrition

24
Q

What type of organisms are fungi?
a single-celled eukaryotes
b multiple-celled eukaryotes
c single-celled and multiple-celled eukaryotes
d single-celled and multiple-celled prokaryotes

A

Single and multi celled eukaryotes

25
Q

What type of organisms are yeasts?
a single-celled eukaryotes
b multiple-celled eukaryotes
c single-celled prokaryotes
d multiple-celled prokaryotes

A

Single celled eukaryotes

26
Q

What life form do yeasts have?
a unicellular
b acellular
c multicellular
d ambidexterous

A

Unicellular

27
Q

What type of organisms are molds?
a single-celled eukaryotes
b multiple-celled eukaryotes
c single-celled prokaryotes
d multiple-celled prokaryotes

A

Multiple celled eukaryotes

28
Q

What life form do molds have?
a unicellular
b acellular
c multicellular
d ambidexterous

A

Multicellular

29
Q

hat are hyphae?
a yeast cells with cellulose walls.
b individual fungal cells with chitin walls.
c filamentous strings of fungal cells.
d plants

A

Strings of fungal cells

30
Q

What fungi can be pathogens? Choose all that apply.
a protozoa
b yeast
c spiders
d molds

A

Yeast and Mold

31
Q

What is a mycosis?
a a collection of pus
b an infection that causes warts
c a superficial blister
d a fungal infection

A

A fungal infection

32
Q

What part of the bodies do dermatophytes use as food?
a keratin
b DNA
c sebum
d blood

A

Keratin

33
Q

Where do we find Tinea Cruris, Pedis, and Unguium (onychomycosis)

A

Cruris- groin
Pedis- foot
Unguium- nails

34
Q

Which fungi can cause tonail infections

A

a Candida albicans
b Microsporum
c Epidermophyton

35
Q

What is a common treatment for cutaneous fungal infections

A

Azoles topically

36
Q

Match the fungus and its distinguishing characteristics.
Aspergillus fumigatus __________
Pneumocystis jiroveci __________
a can form fungal balls in the lungs
b may be transmitted by bat feces
c the leading cause of pneumonia in AIDS
d has a very thick capsule

A

Aspergillus- Can form fungal balls in the lungs
Pneumocystis- Leading cause of pnumonia in AIDS

37
Q

What is used for prevention and treatment of Pneumocystis?
a penicillin
b amphotericin B
c TMP-SMX
d an azole drug

A

TMP-SMX

38
Q

Are protozoa unicellular or multicellular

A

Unicellular eukaryotes

39
Q

Amoebas vs flagellates vs apicomplexans vs clilliates

A

Amoebas- Crawling
Flagellates- Swimming
Apicomplexans- nonmotile
Cilliates- Swimming

40
Q

How do amoebas move?

A

ameboid movement

41
Q

Do protozoa have cell walls?

A

No, but they have a pellicle (supportive layer outside or under cell membrane)

42
Q

What do protozoa feed on

A

carbon compounds, some can potocynthesize or are parasites

43
Q

How do protozoa reproduce

A

Asexually, sexually, or both

44
Q

What are the life stages protozoa usually have

A

Trophozoite- active, feeding and reproducing stage
Cyst- survival stage with protective wall

45
Q

What protists are most likely to be pathogens?
a protozoa
b worms
c algae
d mites

A

Protozoa

46
Q

What 3 Protists are rarely or never pathogens? Choose 3.
a protozoa
b algae
c plants
d slime molds

A

Algae, plants, slime molds

47
Q

Entamoba histolytica pathology

A

Dysentary, severe diarrhea
- Amobea

48
Q

Flagellates that cause common pathogenic responses

A

Giardia (diarrhea), Trichomonas (STI)

49
Q

Ciliates that cause common pathogenic infections

A

Balantidium coli (diarhea)

50
Q

Apicomplexans with common infections

A

Cryptosporidum hominis- diarrhea
plasmodium- malaria
Toxoplasma goldii- flu- like symptoms

51
Q

Common route of transmission for Trichinella spiralis infections:

A

Consumption of undercooked or raw pork containing Trichinella larvae, which encyst in the muscle tissue of infected animals.

52
Q

Life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides, including its size in the human intestinal tract:

A

Ascaris lumbricoides eggs are ingested from contaminated soil or food, and once in the intestines, they hatch into larvae. The larvae migrate through the bloodstream to the lungs, ascend the respiratory tract, and are swallowed back into the intestines, where they mature. Adults can grow up to 30 cm (12 inches)

53
Q

Life cycle of Schistosoma blood flukes, including essential intermediate hosts:

A

Schistosoma species have a complex life cycle involving snails as intermediate hosts. Larvae released from snails enter human skin upon contact with contaminated water. In humans, the larvae develop into adult flukes that live in blood vessels, releasing eggs that exit through urine or feces to continue the cycle.

Microbiology (9 decks)

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