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Microbiology > Quiz 3 study guide > Flashcards

Quiz 3 study guide Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How large are viruses

A

on the scale of nm’s

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2
Q

Double stranded DNA virus example

A

Vericella-Zoster (Chicken pox/shingles)

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3
Q

Single stranded DNA virus example

A

Parvovirus (like the dog virus, but the human strain)
Arthritis in adults

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4
Q

Doble stranded RNA virus example

A

Rotavirus (#1 cause of severe diarrhea in children)

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5
Q

Single stranded RNA virus example

A

Influenza virus
COVID-19 virus

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6
Q

What do all viruses contain

A

a nucleic acid (some are RNA, some DNA, and some Single/double stranded)

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7
Q

What is a capsid

A

a protein coat sourrounding a nucleic acid- inside of all viruses

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8
Q

What is a capsomere

A

repeating protein subunits of the capsid

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9
Q

What is an example of a helical capsid virus

A

tobacco mosaic virus (Helical= rod-shaped

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10
Q

What is an example of a virus with a polyhedral capsid shape

A

Genital HPV (human papilloma virus)
- Common cause of cervical cancer

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11
Q

What is the most common viral structure and symmetry

A

Isocahedron (Polyhedral)

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12
Q

Complex shape example

A

bacteriophage (A virus that only infects bacteria)
Phage t4
Most are DS DNA viruses

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13
Q

Where do you find complex capsids

A

in bacteriophages

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14
Q

What is an envelope

A

a lipid bilayer membrane with virus-specific proteins that sourrounds the capsid of some viruses

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15
Q

Where is the viral envelope derived from

A

host cell membranes

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16
Q

Which virus has envelopes in every virus

A

influenza virus

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17
Q

What are spikes

A

glycoproteins used by some viruses to attach to the host cell (Attaches virus to host cell)

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18
Q

What does lysozyme do

A

perforates peptidoglycan, allow for nucleic acid insertion, useful for release after replication

19
Q

What are nucleic acid polymerases for

A

for RNA viruses

20
Q

What are neuraminidases

A

cleave glycosydic bonds in extracellular matrix, allow release

21
Q

List the life cycle of a bacteriophage (Phage lytic cycle)

A
  1. Attachment, 2. Penetration, 3. Synthesis of nucleic acid and protein, 4. Assembly and packaging, 5. Release (lysis)
22
Q

What is the lysogenic cycle and steps

A

Induction, cell division, integration

23
Q

Lysogenized host cells are immune to what

A

reinfection by the same virus strain

24
Q

What are 3 viruses that do conversion (transduction) and create toxins

A

Diptheria toxin, botulinum toxin, cholera toxin (All bacteria, but create toxin by transduction)

25
Q

What replication always results in a dead host

A

lytic phage replication

26
Q

What replication results in a phage integrating its DNA into the bacterial chromosome

A

lysogeny

27
Q

How does release differ between phage and human viruses

A

Attachment and penetration, and release (Need to keep envelope intact in human virus b/c cannot just seperate)

28
Q

Difference between phage DNA and bacteria and Viron with human cells

A

Only Phage DNA enters bacterium, while the entire viron enters a human cell

29
Q

How does a phage release?

A

Always by lysis

30
Q

How does a human virus release?

A

Can release by lysis or budding

31
Q

How are viruses cultured in labs

A
  1. Live animal hosts,
  2. Embryonated eggs,
  3. Cell Cultures
32
Q

Describe structure of COVID virus

A

Enveloped, single strand RNA, protein helical capsid

33
Q

Caliciviruses charachteristics

A

NOT enveloped, Norovirus, icosahedral, ssRNA

34
Q

Calicivirus diseases

A

Gastroenteritis, outrbreaks in care homes and cruise ships

35
Q

Transmission of Caliciviruses

A

Fecal-oral

36
Q

Pathogenesis of Caliciviruses

A

Relicate in small intestine epithelium, mucosal damage, loose digestive enzymes

37
Q

Herpesvirus charachteristics

A

dsDNA, enveloped, icosahedral

38
Q

Herpes transmission

A

Saliva, semen

39
Q

Coronaviruses charachteristics

A

ssRNA or dsRNA, spherical, helical, enveloped

40
Q

Retroviruses charachteristics

A

dsRNA, ssRNA, enveloped, icosahedral, truncated cone shape

41
Q

Diseases associated with retrovirus

A

HIV, HTLV 1/2

42
Q

Transmission of retroviruses

A

Musal route infection with CD4-positive cells, spread through body including CNS

43
Q
A

Microbiology (9 decks)

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