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DEN1SKB > week 10 > Flashcards

week 10 Flashcards

1
Q

what is caries

A

sugar demineralises the enamel as it feeds some of the bacteria in the mouth. This gives them energy to produce acid which attacks the surface of the teeth, dissolving enamel minerals. Flouride toothpaste help saliva remineralise the enamel. If this becomes unbalanced due to brushing techniques or or other causes, caries occur.

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2
Q

What are the first visible signs of the carious process

A

Areas of discolouration, roughness, tenderness or inflammation

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3
Q

what are the three critical factors for caries to occur

A

The biofilm or plaque that grows on teeth or other hard surfaces
The diet
The health or state of the oral environment

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4
Q

What factors could increase the likelihood of a carious lesion occuring

A

Acid producing bacteria
Sub-normal Salivary flow
Frequent eating/drinking of fermentable carbohydrates

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5
Q

What factors could be considered protective in the oral environment and assist in the prevention of a carious lesion

A

Good quality and quantity of saliva flow (hydration and sugar free gum)
fluoride use
antibacterials that reduce the threat of pathogenic bacteria (chlorohexine, iodine, xytitol)
reduce frequency of diet
remove cariogenic bacteria (OH practise)

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6
Q

what are the three hypothesis for the role plaque plays in the caries proccess

A

Specific plaque hypothesis
Non specific
Ecological

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7
Q

Which plaque hypothesis is currently accepted

A

Ecological plaque hypothesis

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8
Q

What is the specific plaque hypothesis

A

specific types of bacteria or microorganisms are responsible for the progression

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9
Q

What is the non specific plaque hypothesis

A

you do not need a specific amount of plaque for disease progression, but overall bacteria and a specific threshold

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10
Q

What is the ecological plaque hypothesis

A

If we keep everything under control (bacteria balanced) there will be no disease progression

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11
Q

what bacteria are likely to cause caries

A

streptococcus mutans
lactobacillus

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12
Q

why is this bacteria likely to cause caries

A
  • they synthesis a type of water (insoluble glucan) - binds well, increases thickness of plaqueand produce an environment that they like
  • they produce large amounts of acid particularly lactic acid (demineralisation)
  • synthesis intracellular polysacharides which support continue acid production without dietary substrates (continue to produce throughout the night)
  • are aciduric - thrive in low ph environments
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13
Q

what are the three historical studies which demonstrate the role of diet in the caries process

A

Vipeholm Study 1954
tristan de cunha
hopewood house

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14
Q

what is the vipeholm study 1954

A

more frequently patients were exposed to sugars, the higher the levels of caries
food retention influences risk (sticky)

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15
Q

what is the tristan de cunha study

A

sugar consumption correlated with caries

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16
Q

what is the hopewood house study

A

a diet with no carbohydrates or sugar reduces caries

17
Q

what are intrinsic sugars

A

found inside cell structure - unproccessed foods, whole fruits and veg
NOT CARIOGENIC

18
Q

what are extrinsic sugars

A

outside of cells of the food and drink

19
Q

what are milk extrinsic sugars

A

lactose (dairy products)
NON CARIOGENIC

20
Q

what are non milk extrinsic sugars

A

Table sugar, confectionary, soft drinks, biscuits, honey, juice
FERMENTABLE SUGARS
CARIOGENIC

21
Q

what is the stephan curve

A

constant ph while not drinking or eating
when u eat or drink - produces acid and ph decreases
the lower the ph the more likely of demineralisation and tooth decay
recovery takes 30-60 minutes for ph to increase
snacking causes frequent acid challenges - not enough time to buffer system back baove 5.5ph - causes prolonged acid damage

22
Q

how long does it take for pellicle formation

A

minutes after cleaning

23
Q

how long does it take for bacterial attachment

A

0-24 hours

24
Q

how long does it take for bacterial growth

A

4-24 hours

25
Q

how long does it take for microbial succession

A

1-7 days

26
Q

how long does it take for a mature biofilm

A

1 week or older

27
Q

what is the index of caries experience for permanent teeth

A

DMFT - simole process that tells us how many teeth have been affected by dental caries

28
Q

What does DMFT stand for

A

Decayed, missing, or filled teeth

29
Q

What is the index of caries DMFS

A

Decayed missing of filled surfaces - instead of counting one tooth as a single measure - each surface of the tooth is counted

30
Q

whats the difference between carious process, lesion and proggression

A

caries process is the interaction between the biofilm and the tooth surface
caries lesion is the manifestation of the stage of the process at one point in time
caries progression occurs when demineralisation and remineralisation are out of balance leading to net mineral loss

DEN1SKB (12 decks)

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