WEEK 10

Question 1

client education

Answer 1

An ongoing, goal-driven, interactive process that provides clients with new information.

Question 2

health promotion

Answer 2

The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health.

Question 3

is client education a TJC requirement for hospital accreditation

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

what percentage of the health care team do nurses make up

Answer 4

70%

Question 5

PN role in client education

Answer 5

PN’s role in client education is reinforcing teaching that the RN has already done

Question 6

cognitive domain

Answer 6

The thinking domain; here, a client must think through the information presented to them and be able to comprehend the information.

Question 7

the six stages of the thinking domain (cognitive domain)

Answer 7

Knowledge: recalling prior learned knowledge

Comprehension: understanding and interpretation of information

Application: the ability to use the data

Analysis: the breakdown of information to understand its structure

Synthesis: putting the elements together to create a new whole

Evaluation: deciding the ideal of the ideas

Question 8

affective domain

Answer 8

One of three domains of learning involves the client’s feelings, precisely their values, attitudes, and beliefs.

Question 9

psychomotor domain

Answer 9

​​​​​​​Involves the use of hands-on fine and gross motor skills.

ex teaching with hands on skills

Question 10

what are the three domain of learning

Answer 10

domain, affective, psychomotor

Question 11

five stages of the psychomotor domain

Answer 11

this is following the client who is getting a stoma example…

Guided response/imitation: The client observes and assists with stoma care.

Mechanism/manipulation: The client changes the pouch with instruction and supervision.

Complex/precision: The client changes the pouch independently.

Adaptation/articulation: The client consistently changes the pouch without error.

Origination/naturalization: Changing the pouch becomes part of the client’s daily routine.

Question 12

Knowles’s fundamental principles of learning include…

Answer 12

relevance
self-directed
life-experience
readiness
task-centered
motivation

Question 13

basic principles of learning: relevance

Answer 13

For example, a nurse is reinforcing why newborns receive vitamin K at birth. Parents will be more likely to consent to the administration of vitamin K to their newborns if they know the RELEVANCE of vitamin K.

Question 14

basic principles of learning: self-directed

Answer 14

Self-directed clients take part in their learning and have control over making informed decisions. They accept responsibility for their choices and the subsequent consequences of those choices. For example, vitamin K is needed to help prevent bleeding in the newborn because low vitamin K levels can cause clotting deficiencies. After parents are fully educated on the reasons for giving vitamin K, it is self-directing if they consent to have this treatment administered to their newborn

so educate client enough to where they feel comfortable making their own decisions about it

Question 15

basic principles of learning: life experience

Answer 15

Clients are equipped with existing knowledge, gained through both academic and personal experiences. They use learned past life experiences as a foundation to build on and influence their learning with new education.

Thus, if the parents of a newborn are not sure about the administration of vitamin K, discover the reason behind this hesitation. They may be unsure because of a previous experience or something they have heard from another source.

Question 16

basic principles of learning: readiness

Answer 16

Clients must be ready, willing, and able to learn. They cannot be forced and must understand the need to know the information.

For example, a client who is in active labor will not be ready or willing to learn about vitamin K—they have other things on her mind. For client education to be effective, the client must show readiness to learn, including the ability to engage in education by being a present and active participant.

Question 17

basic principles of learning: task-centered

Answer 17

Adult learning tends to be task- or problem-centered learning. In turn, education is more effective when it relates to the adult’s life experiences instead of simply providing material to be memorized.

For example, it is important to ensure that a newborn’s parents understand the reasoning behind the administration of vitamin K—that it will reduce the risk of bleeding in the newborn.

Question 18

basic principles of learning: motivation

Answer 18

A client’s motivation to learn is both internal and external. Internal motivation is vital because it increases self-esteem and is an actual measurement of accomplishments. External motivation is placed upon a client; however, the client must be internally motivated for learning to take place.

For example, nurses can educate parents on vitamin K, but the parents must develop their own internal motivation before they will agree to the administration of vitamin K. Both motivators must be present for real learning to take place.

Question 19

health literacy

Answer 19

The ability to read, write, and understand health-related information.

Question 20

what can limited health literacy lead to

Answer 20

more severe medication errors, increased numbers of emergency department visits, and more hospital admissions. It also leads to inadequate health prevention for the client and an increase in mortality.

Question 21

factors that promote learning

Answer 21

perceived benefit
enhanced health literacy
Nonjudgmental support
Quiet, low-stimulus environment
Repetition

Question 22

factors that affect hinder learning

Answer 22

Fear, anxiety, depression
Lack of motivation
Environmental distractions
Psychomotor deficits
Physical discomfort (fatigue, pain)
Timing

Question 23

fine motor skills

Answer 23

The use of small muscles, such as fingers.

Question 24

gross motor skills

Answer 24

The use of large muscle groups to perform whole body movements.

Question 25

Examples of Fine and Gross Motor Skills

Answer 25

Fine motor skills: opening medicine packages, writing symptoms, administering injections, performing dressing changes

Gross motor skills: performing a range of motion, walking, self-propelling a wheelchair

Question 26

teach back method

Answer 26

A technique to determine the client’s level of understanding by having the client explain back to the nurse the information that was taught.

Question 27

self-bias

Answer 27

Personal perception or stereotype regarding situations, people, or actions.

Question 28

self concept

Answer 28

the beliefs one holds regarding their qualities and attributes

Question 29

stressors that affect self-concept

Answer 29

identity
body image
self-esteem
role performance

Question 30

role conflict

Answer 30

Occurs when individuals are faced with two or more role expectations and find themselves unable to meet these expectations at the same time.

Question 31

role ambiguity

Answer 31

Refers to the lack of clarity in understanding the actions that need to be taken to achieve proposed goals. It can affect an individual’s understanding of expectations, generates doubts about achievement of their objectives, and creates uncertainty as to how their performance will be assessed.

Question 32

role overload

Answer 32

Occurs when the roles and responsibilities placed upon an individual are greater than their ability to effectively manage them or when they find themselves pressured to respond to the many roles they hold.

Question 33

role strain

Answer 33

Occurs when an individual has difficulty meeting the responsibilities of a particular life role or when incompatible demands are placed upon an individual.

Question 34

epidermis

Answer 34

The outer most layer of the skin, made of squamous epithelial cells, which provides a barrier against the external environment.

Question 35

keratinocytes

Answer 35

Cells formed in the basal layer of the skin that function to protect the skin from the external environment.

Question 36

what does the epidermia contains

Answer 36

keratinocytes

Question 37

what are cells in the epidermis

Answer 37

keratinocytes
melanocytes
Merkel cells
Langerhans cells

Question 38

melanocytes

Answer 38

produce melanin

Question 39

dermis

Answer 39

The layer under the epidermis that is composed mainly of connective tissue and provides strength and flexibility of the skin.

Question 40

subcutaneous tissue

Answer 40

The subcutaneous layer of skin, which is composed mostly of adipose tissue, is found under the epidermis and dermis.

Question 41

A nurse is teaching a group of older adults at a community center about the functions of the skin. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 41

The skin plays an important role in the production of vitamin D

The skin protects against bacteria and viruses

The skin helps regulate the body temperature

Question 42

cellulitis

Answer 42

an infection of the superficial layers of skin

Question 43

blanchable erythema

Answer 43

An area of a reddened skin that temporarily turns white or pale when light pressure is applied. the skin then reddens when pressure is relieved.

Question 44

nonblanchable erythema

Answer 44

Redness of the skin that does not go away when pressure is applied and

indicates structural damage has occurred in the small vessels supplying blood to the underlying skin and tissues.

Question 45

acute wounds

Answer 45

intentionally or unintentionally

those created during a surgical procedure, whereas unintentional wounds develop as the result of a traumatic injury, such as burns, punctures, or gunshot wounds. When caring for clients with acute wounds, the origin of the injury should be considered when developing the plan of care.

Question 46

traumatic wounds

Answer 46

lacerations are tears in the skin, which are usually caused by blunt or sharp objects; irregular or jagged shape; can be classified as simple or complicated