Vital Signs Flashcards
What does blood viscosity mean?
thickness of blood
increase in blood viscosity increase in blood pressure
Preload
amount of blood inside ventricles before they contract
decrease in preload (blood loss or shock), both the stroke volume and blood pressure increase
What are the stages of hypertension
Elevated: 120-129/less than 80
stage 1: 130-139/80-89
stage 2: 140-149/higher than 90
hypertensive crisis: higher than 180/higher than 120
What is newborn blood pressure? (full term newborn)
64/41
What is the average blood pressure in toddler males? and what is considered hypertensive in toddler males?
85-91/37-46 for males avg
greater than 103-109/56-65
What is normal BP for toddler females? and what is hypertensive for them?
86-89/40-49 avg
greater than 104-107/58-67
What is normal BP for preschooler males? hypertensive?
91-98/46-53 avg
greater than 109-112/65-72
What is normal BP for preschooler females? hypertensive?
89-93/49-54 avg
greater than 107-110/67-72
What is normal BP for school-age males? hypertensive?
96-106/55-62 avg
greater than 109-112/65-72
what is normal BP for school-age females? hypertensive?
94-105/56-62 avg
greater than 111-113/74-80
What is normal BP for all adolescents?
less than 120/80
what are some lifestyle interventions for hypertension?
exercise
stress reduction techniques
low-sodium diet
weight loss if needed
what are some causes of hypotension in adults?
dehydration, blood loss, shock, significant illness (sepsis)
what are some manifestions of hypotenion
dizziness
nausea
blurred vision
increased pulse
fatigue
A nurse is discussing factors affecting blood pressure with an assistive personnel. Which of the following factors should the nurse identify as potential causes for an increase in a client’s blood pressure? (Select all that apply.)
anxiety, fear, obesity, use of nicotine
orthostatic hypotension
A drop in systolic pressure of at least 20 mm Hg, or a drop in diastolic pressure of at least 10 mm Hg, after moving to a sitting or standing position is indicative of orthostatic hypotension and should be reported to the provider.
what is expected pulse range of newborn (full term; birth to 28 days)
110-160/min
what is expected pulse range of infant (1 month to 1 year)
90-160/min
what is expected pulse range of toddler (1 to 3 years)
80-140/min
what is expected pulse range of preschooler (3 to 6 years)
70-120/min
what is expected pulse range of school age (6 to 12 years)
60-110/min
what is expected pulse range of adolescent (12 to 20 years)
50-100/min
what is expected pulse range of adult (20 years and older)
60 to 100/min
manifestations of bradycardia
dizziness, syncope, chest pain, shortness of air, fatigue, and confusion.
what is an oral site you never use on newborns, infants, and young children?
oral
safety concerns
what temp is hard to read on a client less than 3 years old?
tympanic because of the angle of tube
what temp indicates fever?
100.4 or above
manifestions of a fever
infection being the most common cause. Clients who have a fever may have a flushed face, be diaphoretic, have skin that feels hot on palpation, and exhibit tachycardia and increased respiratory rate
normal temp in human body
37 celcius and 98.6 farenheit
expected range of O2 sat in human body
95-100
what is the expected respiratory range of a newborn(full term; birth to 28 days?)
30 to 60/min
what is the expected respiratory range of a infant (1 month to 1 year)
25-60/min
what is the expected respiratory range of a toddler (1 to 3 years)
25-30/min
what is the expected respiratory range of a preschooler(3 to 6 years)
20-25/min
what is the expected respiratory range of a school-age(6 to 12 years)
20-25/min
what is the expected respiratory range of a adolescent(12 to 20 years)
16-20/min
what is the expected respiratory range of a adult (20 years and up)
12-20/min
adult bp range expected
90-119/60-79
adult temp range expected
36-38 C to 96.8-100.4 F
manifestations of bradypnea
dizziness
fatigue
confusion
impaired coordination
what is percentage of clients arm the BP cuff should encircle
0.8
length of time to avoid taking an oral temp after a client has a warm drink
10 to 30 mins
expected capillary refill time
less than 2 seconds
