Med Cards: WEEK 7 Flashcards
Atorvastatin
lipid-lowering agents (statin)
Atorvastatin: Expected pharmacological action
inhibits an enzyme which is responsible for catalyzing, an early stage in synthesis of cholesterol
Atorvastatin: therapeutic use
lowering of total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Slightly increase the HDL cholesterol
Atorvastatin: Complications
arrhythmias, hypoglycemia, hepatic failure, hepatitis, pancreatitis, rectal hemmorrhage, rhabdomyolysis, anaphylaxis, flu-like symptoms, rash, abdominal pain, constipation, gas, confusion, leg cramps
Medication Administration: Atorvastatin
PO, can take with or without food
adults: 10-20 mg ONCE daily initially then increased according to lipid level. maintenance at 10-80 ONCE daily
Atorvastatin: Contraindications
active hepatic disease, breastfeeding, hypersensitivity to atorvastatin or its components, pregnancy, unexplained persistent rise in serum transaminase level, alcoholism
not recommended to kids under the age of 8
Atorvastatin: Interactions
grapefruit juice can cause adverse reactions.
oral contraceptives and digoxin
Atorvastatin: evaluation of medication effectiveness
decrease in LDL and total cholesterol levels
Atorvastatin: Nursing interventions
monitor liver functions prior as clinically indicated
Atorvastatin: Client Education
advise client to not drink alcohol, have low cholesterol diet, get good exercise, and notify PCP of legs and ABD cramps
stop taking if pregnant
Lisinopril
ACE Inhibitor
Lisinopril: Expected pharmacological action
lower blood pressure by inhibiting conversion of angiotensin to angiotensin ll
basically, to treat hypertension
Lisinopril: Medication administration
PO
adult: 5 mg initially (if taking diuertic) and 10 mg (if not taking diuretic) ONCE daily
maintenance: 20-40 mg ONCE daily
max: 80 mg ONCE daily
Lisinopril: Therapeutic Use
antihypertensive and heart failure
Lisinopril: Interactions
NSAIDS: decrease antihypertensive medications
also, lithium, K+ salts, herbal and K+ supplements, pain and inflammation drugs, other antihypertensives, insulin
Lisinopril: Complications
arrhythmias, hypotension, MI, acute renal failure, pulmonary embolism, HYPERKALEMIA, hyponatremia, cough, orthostatic hypotension, edema, rash, drowsiness, weakness
Lisinopril: Contraindications
diabetes, history of angioedema, hypersensitivity to lisinopril, other ACE inhibitors, hypotension
Lisinopril: Evaluation of Medication Effectiveness
Blood pressure will return to normal limits
Lisinopril: Nursing interventions
monitor BP for 2 hrs after start of treatment
Lisinopril: Client education
get up/change slowly
take as directed
avoid K+ diet
Omeprazole
proton pump inhibitor (PPI), antiulcer agent
Omeprazole: Expected pharmacological action
binds to an enzyme on gastric pH, preventing hydrogen ions into the gastric lumen
Omeprazole: Therapeutic Use
decrease symptoms of GERD
healing of duodenal ulcers
Omeprazole: Complications
dizziness, fatigue, headache, chest pain, hypertension, peripheral edema, rash, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypoglycemia, c-diff associated diarrhea, anaphylaxis, hyperkalemia
Omeprazole: Medication Administration
PO
adults: 20 mg ONCE daily
Omeprazole: Contraindications/Precautions
contraindicated for clients who are hypersensitivity to this medication and those who are taking rilpivirine
caution: those with COPD, risk of pneumonia, liver dysfunction, pregnancy
Omeprazole: Interactions
Alcohol, ASA, NSAIDS, smoking, caffeine, and foods that cause gastric distress
Omeprazole: Evaluation of medication effectiveness
decrease abdominal pain, gastric irritation, and or bleeding. ulcer healing should show improvement on X-ray
Omeprazole: Nursing Interventions
assess for any abdominal pain, blood in stool, emesis, gastric aspirate
any cramps, fevers, diarrhea, blood stools: notify PCP because sign of C-diff
Omeprazole: Client education
avoid NSAIDs/aspirin
notify PCP if any abdominal pain/blood in stool, emesis
Ibuprofen
NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)
Ibuprofen: Expected Pharmacological action
to relieve moderate to severe pain as an adjunct to opioid analgesics
inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
Ibuprofen: Theraputic use
decrease pain and inflammation
reduction of fever
Ibuprofen: Complications
dizzy, headache, seizures, fluid retention, hypotension, heart failure, constipation, anorexia, elevated liver enzymes, ulceration, hepatitis, MI, renal failure
Ibuprofen: Medication administration
PO, IV
usual: 1.2 to 3.1 g daily; max: 3.2 grams daily
admin with food or just after eating
Ibuprofen: Contraindications/Precautions
angioedema, asthma, surgery, rhinthus, bronchospasms, nasal polyps
Ibuprofen: Interactions
ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, aspirin, cyclosporine, diuretics, lithium, alcohol use, methotrexate, heparin, oral anticoagulation, pemetrexed
Ibuprofen: Evaluation of Medication Effectiveness
pain, fever, and inflammation are reduced
Ibuprofen: Nursing Interventions
be aware of CVT events
monitory patient for MI and stroke
assess for asthma, urticaria, and rhithus
Ibuprofen: Client education
take with food and with water
avoid alcohol, corticosteroids, and aspirin
report flu-like symptoms
avoid taking 2 NSAIDs at the same time
Acetaminophen
NSAID, nonopioid analgesics/antipyretics
Acetaminophen: Expected Pharmacological Action
slow down production of the prostaglandins of CNS
Acetaminophen: Therapeutic Use
analgesic (will relieve pain)
antipyretic (fever reduction)
Acetaminophen: Complications
acute toxicity of the liver, nausea and vomiting, sweat, abdominal pain which can lead to hepatic failure, coma, death
Acetaminophen: Contraindications
cautiously to clients who say they consume more than 3 alcoholic beverages per day (metabolism thing) thuse increasing risk of bleeding
Acetaminophen: Interations
alcohol, increased bleeding with warfarin, drugs with epinephrine
Acetaminophen: Evaluation of Medication Effectiveness
relief of mild to moderate pain, fever reducted
Acetaminophen: Medication Administration
PO, rectal
adults: 640-650 mg PRN q 4-6 hours
max: 3,250 mg (4 doses) in 24 hrs
Acetaminophen: Nursing Interventions
monitor for:
signs of renal failure
WBC count
liver function
Acetaminophen: Client Education
make sure client watches for urine color, skin color, abdominal pain, bleeding (gums), or bruising
What medicine to give if someone is having toxicity from acetaminophen?
Acetylcysteine
