Week 1 Peripheral Nerve- Krafts

Question 1

What causes Guillian Barre Syndrome?

Answer 1

• Inflammatory Neuropathy
• Acute flu-like illness (usually viral), then acute ascending paralysis
• immune-mediated demyelination that resolves over time with remyelination
• T-cells, macrophages causes segmental demylination

Question 2

Clinical course/ histologic findings of Guillian Barre Syndrome

Answer 2

• Symmetric, ascending paralysis, rapid onset weakness
• Inflammation around venules/nerves
• Macrophages are surround myelin sheath

Question 3

What causes Leprosy?

Answer 3

• Infectious polyneuropathy
• Caused by mycobacterium leprae
• Slowly progressive infection of skin and nerves
• Auto-amputation of digits
• Transmitted through respiratory droplet

Question 4

Histologic Findings of Leprosy

Answer 4

Obligate intracellular bacterium that is Acid-fast

-Hard to kill in normal way

Question 5

Tuberculoid Leprosy

Answer 5

Less Severe
Localized
Scaly skin lesions
Nerve degeneration
Nice T-cell response, forms granulomas

Question 6

Lepromatous Leprosy

Answer 6

More severe
Widespread- skin, nerves, eyes, mouth
Leionin Facies
Not granulomas, makes foamy histiocytes

Question 7

Neuropathy Type 1 (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease)

Answer 7

Herediatry Neuropathy
Caused by repetive demyelination and remyelination
-sensation and muscles that affect the feet and lower leg

Question 8

Clinical findings of neuropathy Type 1?

Answer 8

High arches
Hammer toes
muscle atrophy with a normal life span

Question 9

3 main patterns of peripheral nerve disease in adult-onset diabetes mellitus

Answer 9

1. Symmetric sensory and motor neuropathy inolving distal nevers (stocking/glove distribution)
2. Autonomic neuropathy- can’t hold bladder
3. Asymmetric neuropathy (one sided sensory and motor neuropathy)

Question 10

Neuropathies of malignancy?

Answer 10

Mononeuropathy- direct compression of tumor

Polyneuropathy- indirect, can occur as paraneoplastic effect (cancer produces antibodies that attack nerves)