Week 1 Cerebral Hemisphere- Severson Flashcards
Layers of the Scalp
Skin Connective Tissue Aponeurosis Loose Connective Tissue Periosteum
What are emissary veins and why are they important with injuries to the scalp?
- Connect dural venous sinuses with the superficial veins outside the cranium
- Valvless, may flow bidirectionally but usually flow away from the brain
What are diploic veins?
located between the out and inner cortical layers of bone, runs through diploe (cancellous bone between cortical layers)
What are the two layers of the periosteum?
- Periosteum covers inner and out surfaces of the skull
1. Pericranium= outer
2. Endocranium = inner
What are fontanelles?
Fibrous tissue and cartilage connections in those areas where the parietal bones are not fully develop
Anterior fontanelle (soft spot between coronal and parietal bones) closes before the age of 2
What layer is responsible for excessive bleeding with scalp wounds?
Connective tissue layer
What arteries supply the scalp?
External carotid arteries, internal carotid arteries
Why do facial lacerations gape?
Because the face does not have a distinct layer of deep fascia and the subcutaneous tissue is loose between the attachments of facial muscles
What is scalping
Scalp is torn off through the loose areolar connective tissue layer
Sutures of the Skull Coronal Sagittal Lambodoidal Squamosal
Coronal- frontal to parietal bone
Sagittal- midline between the parietal bones
Lambodoidal- occipital to parietal bones
Squamosal- Squamous temporal to squamous parietal
What are the paranasal sinuese
Expanded areas of the diploe that are lined with mucoperiosteum - drain into nasal cavity
What bones are the paranasal sinuses located in?
Maxillae, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones
What is bregma?
Landmark formed by the intersection of the sagittal and coronal sutures - where anterior fontanelle was once located
What is lambda?
junctions of sagittal (connecting the parietal bones) and lambdoid sutures (connecting the parietal bones to the occipital bone)
Location and function of the PARACENTRAL LOBULE
- In cerebral cortex, medial aspect of hemispheres
- Medial extensions of pre central(motor) and post-central (somatosensory) gyri
- SOMATIC REPRESENTATION OF LOWER EXTREMITY
Pre-central Gyrus
(Anterior to central sulcus)
- MOTOR
- medially towards longitudinal fissure is LOWER EXTREMITY
- Lateral towards lateral fissure is HEAD/NECK
- Laid out according to body plan
Post-central gyrus
(Posterior to central sulcus)
- SENSORY-medially towards longitudinal fissure is LOWER EXTREMITY
- Lateral towards lateral fissure is HEAD/NECK
- Laid out according to body plan
Where is the prefrontal cortex and what is it responsible for?
Most anterior part of Frontal Lobe
- Planned behavior
- PERSONALITY
- SHORT TERM MEMORY
What are of the cerebral cortex is primarily involved with Alzheimer dementia?
Prefrontal cortex
Where is the precuneus located?
Portion of medial surface of parietal cerebral cortex located between the paracentral lobule and the cuneus
What part of the brain is associate d with FORMULATION of speech?
Left inferior frontal gyrus
aka Broca’s area
What part of the brain is associated with EXPRESSION of speech?
Right inferior frontal gyrus
What is important about the middle frontal gyrus?
It contains part of the premotor cortex that is responsible for frontal eye fields
-directs conjugate movement of the eyes to the contralateral side
What is the transverse temporal gyri responsible for?
Primary Auditory cortex
