Week 1: Intro to NCDs

Question 1

What percentage of deaths are due to NCDs according to the WHO?

Answer 1

71%

Question 2

How many people die because of NCDs each year according to the WHO?

Answer 2

41 million

Question 3

what are the 4 main types of NCDs in order for NCD deaths?

Answer 3

1. CVD
2. cancer
3. respiratory illnesses
4. diabetes

Question 4

what are the 5 categories of NCDs?

Answer 4

1. Allergies and inflammatory disease
2. Congenital and hereditable
3. cancer
4. degenerative diseases
5. metabolic diseases

Question 5

NCDs are being driven by what?

Answer 5

unplanned urbanization, globalization of unhealthy lifestyles, and population aging

Question 6

NCDs cause what percentage of DALYs in low and middle-income countries?

Answer 6

40%

Question 7

metabolic factors contribute to 4 key metabolic changes that increase your risk of NCDs. What are the 4 changes?

Answer 7

1. raised blood pressure
2. overweight and obesity
3. hyperglycaemia (high blood glucose levels)
4. hyperlipidimia (high levels of fat in the blood)

Question 8

Endemic

Answer 8

Disease is always present but at low levels in a population

Question 9

hyperendemic

Answer 9

persistent in high levels of a certain disease

Question 10

epidemic

Answer 10

the level of disease in a community rises above what is expected especially if there is a sudden increase

Question 11

pandemic

Answer 11

an epidemic crosses continents and affects multiple parts of the world at high persistent prevalence levels

Question 12

type 1 diabetes occurs before what age?

Answer 12

30

Question 13

what diabetes is an autoimmune disorder?

Answer 13

type 1

Question 14

the most common diabetes is

Answer 14

type 2

Question 15

what regions have the highest diabetes prevalence levels?

Answer 15

the Caribbean and North America

Question 16

in severe cases, type 2 diabetes can cause what?

Answer 16

amputation, blindness, kidney and circulatory problems, stroke

Question 17

most deaths from diabetes occur in low and middle-income countries. True or false?

Answer 17

true

Question 18

what is the leading cause of cancer death in low and middle-income countries?

Answer 18

breast cancer

Question 19

what cancers are most common in Africa?

Answer 19

Liver and cervical

Question 20

what cancer is most common in the Americas, Western Pacific, and Eastern Med?

Answer 20

Lung cancer

Question 21

mental disorders are problematic why?

Answer 21

they interfere with other NCDs

Question 22

mental disorders symptoms are often __ and start at a ___ age

Answer 22

chronic; young

Question 23

low and middle income countries have what percent of all suicides?

Answer 23

75%

Question 24

what are some suicide prevention strategies?

Answer 24

addressing the means to committing suicide and reducing access to these means (tailor interventions based on population)

Question 25

what country has the lowest expenditures on treating diabetes?

Answer 25

SSA

Question 26

What countries have the highest expenditures on treating diabetes?

Answer 26

Latin America and the Caribbean

Question 27

how can diabetes be addressed?

Answer 27

-proper diets, physical activity, health education programs, public policies to promote physical activity, tax incentives to involve kids in PA programs

Question 28

how to address cancer

Answer 28

-address tobacco use, infectious agents associated with cancer, early prevention (screening)

Question 29

How to address the burden of mental health

Answer 29

-have policies and a unit of government responsible for mental health, integrate mental health into primary care, train people to treat these conditions

Question 30

what is the largest cause of death worldwide?

Answer 30

cardiovascular disease

Question 31

what is the most important step to reducing NCD burden in low and middle-income countries?

Answer 31

reducing tobacco smoking