Week 1: Intro to NCDs Flashcards
What percentage of deaths are due to NCDs according to the WHO?
71%
How many people die because of NCDs each year according to the WHO?
41 million
what are the 4 main types of NCDs in order for NCD deaths?
- CVD
- cancer
- respiratory illnesses
- diabetes
what are the 5 categories of NCDs?
- Allergies and inflammatory disease
- Congenital and hereditable
- cancer
- degenerative diseases
- metabolic diseases
NCDs are being driven by what?
unplanned urbanization, globalization of unhealthy lifestyles, and population aging
NCDs cause what percentage of DALYs in low and middle-income countries?
40%
metabolic factors contribute to 4 key metabolic changes that increase your risk of NCDs. What are the 4 changes?
- raised blood pressure
- overweight and obesity
- hyperglycaemia (high blood glucose levels)
- hyperlipidimia (high levels of fat in the blood)
Endemic
Disease is always present but at low levels in a population
hyperendemic
persistent in high levels of a certain disease
epidemic
the level of disease in a community rises above what is expected especially if there is a sudden increase
pandemic
an epidemic crosses continents and affects multiple parts of the world at high persistent prevalence levels
type 1 diabetes occurs before what age?
30
what diabetes is an autoimmune disorder?
type 1
the most common diabetes is
type 2
what regions have the highest diabetes prevalence levels?
the Caribbean and North America
in severe cases, type 2 diabetes can cause what?
amputation, blindness, kidney and circulatory problems, stroke
most deaths from diabetes occur in low and middle-income countries. True or false?
true
what is the leading cause of cancer death in low and middle-income countries?
breast cancer
what cancers are most common in Africa?
Liver and cervical
what cancer is most common in the Americas, Western Pacific, and Eastern Med?
Lung cancer
mental disorders are problematic why?
they interfere with other NCDs
mental disorders symptoms are often __ and start at a ___ age
chronic; young
low and middle income countries have what percent of all suicides?
75%
what are some suicide prevention strategies?
addressing the means to committing suicide and reducing access to these means (tailor interventions based on population)
what country has the lowest expenditures on treating diabetes?
SSA
What countries have the highest expenditures on treating diabetes?
Latin America and the Caribbean
how can diabetes be addressed?
-proper diets, physical activity, health education programs, public policies to promote physical activity, tax incentives to involve kids in PA programs
how to address cancer
-address tobacco use, infectious agents associated with cancer, early prevention (screening)
How to address the burden of mental health
-have policies and a unit of government responsible for mental health, integrate mental health into primary care, train people to treat these conditions
what is the largest cause of death worldwide?
cardiovascular disease
what is the most important step to reducing NCD burden in low and middle-income countries?
reducing tobacco smoking
