Week 1 - Food quality and Food choices (children and gender)

Question 1

Name a few differences of women in food choices ?

Answer 1

1. Women like smaller portions
2. Women more interested in health
3. Women count calories
4. Women more concerned about their weights
5. Women more suspicious of new tech in food
6. Women chose depending on their family (main provider of the house)

Question 2

Name a few differences of men and food choices ?

Answer 2

1. lower levels of concern about health aspects of food
2. less knowledge about health
3. men choose more carbs and protein rich foods for muscle mass and appearance

Question 3

T or F : the gap of food choice regarding healthy choices is reduced by education level

Answer 3

true

Question 4

What is the difference of women’s food choice between the social context of being at home or being in a restaurant?

Answer 4

The mother puts the needs of the family up front but at the restaurant they eat more meat and more inclined in taking a dessert than man.

Question 5

T or F : men are more likely to take the dessert and women the starter when eating out

Answer 5

false, it is the opposite.

Question 6

T or F : There is gender difference in the number of meals/day

Answer 6

true

Question 7

What are the food preference of men regarding the texture, taste and color

Answer 7

Strong and rich taste
High colour intensity
Chewier texture

Question 8

What are the food preference of women regarding the texture, taste and color

Answer 8

Pale
Light foods
Foods associated with healthiness

Question 9

_____ can explain 30±40% of variance in food choices between genders

Answer 9

Health attitudes

Question 10

What are the sensory consideration for women when selling meat

Answer 10

1- less blood visible
2- less fat visible
3- less handling (pre-cut better)

Question 11

What are the sensory consideration for men when selling meat

Answer 11

1- bigger portions

2- bigger size of the cut

Question 12

What are the 5 propositions around the perception quality proposed by Grunert ?

Answer 12

1-Based on inferences
2-Based on values and attributes
3-Based on expectations
4-Food quality perception changes overt time
5- Food quality is actionable

Question 13

Food quality is ___ and ____

Answer 13

objective and subjective.

Question 14

What is the objective part of quality

Answer 14

the physical things that can be measured like the characteristics of the food like texture for example

Question 15

What is the subjective part of quality

Answer 15

The things that are perceived by consumers. It involves aspects that are not tangible.

Question 16

Define the proposition based on inferences

Answer 16

This is specially true in the case of trying new products. IT is the idea that the consumer will have a general idea of the product based on the visual cues (brand, logo, packaging form, content etc). For example they might be looking at the viscosity of a cleaner for cleaning power.

Question 17

What are some examples of inferences?

Answer 17

1. Organic as indicator of superior taste
2. color and fat content of meat as inficcator of tenderness
3. Animal welfare as indicator of health

Question 18

What is the proposition that is based on values

Answer 18

it is the proposition that food choices will reflect the philosophy of life of someone and so the quality is based on the life values and attributes of the food.

Question 19

What is the Means-end-theory

Answer 19

A theory stating that people are not interested in the product per se but in what the product is doing for them. It explains why some dimensions of quality become attractive to consumer and not to the others.

Question 20

What is the expression of life-style proposition to explain food quality perception

Answer 20

We all have different food related lifestyle, these are categories/type of consumer that based on that we will perceive the quality. There is the uninvolved food consumer, careless consumer, conservative consumer, rational consumer and the adventurous consumer.

Question 21

What is the “quality perception changes over time” proposition

Answer 21

it is the proposition that the consumer is making expectation for one time purchase that needs ot be met or else the consumer will not buy again. The qualirt can change for repeated purchase because you learn how to use the product in other situations.

Question 22

What is the proposition that perceived quality is actionable

Answer 22

That quality can be changed by the companies depending based on three factors :
1- marketing positioning to show the quality and showing right cues
2- inherent quality to confirm the expectations of the consumers
3- being better than competitors (competitive differential).

Question 23

T or F : Children express the food choice by expressing preferences or liking instead of food choice.

Answer 23

true because they parents buy the food.

Question 24

Preference is defined as ____

Answer 24

the choice of one food over another one.

Question 25

Liking is the ____

Answer 25

affective response to a food.

Question 26

In infancy, among the factors that influence the food intake, the ____ are the most important.

Answer 26

physiological factors

Question 27

T or F : For instance, children are more influenced by sensory perceptions than adults.

Answer 27

true

Question 28

In the case of taste preference, neonates show an inborn preference for sweet taste and rejection of ___

Answer 28

bitter taste.

Question 29

____ directly affects taste perception and preference in children

Answer 29

Genotype

Question 30

How can the food acceptance be modulated in children

Answer 30

1. last trimester of pregnancy

2. Milk feeding phase

Question 31

T or F : Earlier introduction to solid foods leads to fewer food rejections.

Answer 31

true

Question 32

T or F: direct experiences with foods during the first months of life are likely influence children’s preference.

Answer 32

t

Question 33

When is the neophobic phase of children?

Answer 33

2-8 years : . Food neophobia is strongest at the age of 2 years and levels of after the age of 8-9 years

Question 34

T or F: Changes in food preferences are likely to be observed. Adolescents taste foods that were previously dislike because of social influence and personal decisions to taste these foods.

Answer 34

true

Question 35

What is the take home message when targetting children as the consumers?

Answer 35

1. Introduce flavours before neophobic phase  people buy again when they are adults
2. targeting kids means targeting the parents

Question 36

Beyond the physiological factors, food preferences and liking are mostly acquired with
____

Answer 36

experience

Question 37

What are the mechanisms that will influence the preference in children?

Answer 37

1. repeated positive exposure
2. consuming safe foods
3. The association of a flavour to the physiological consequences. Higher calories more liked
4. Social learning : When children see friends that eat something they might are more inclined (modelling) or if positive experience around food (positive conditioning).
5. Flavour-flavour association : kids might associate two taste like bitter and neutral and then won’t like the neutral taste.

Question 38

What does food choices depends on ? (5)

Answer 38

1. physiological influences
2. Age (stages of food liking)
3. Preference depending on some mechanisms
4. Parental and other social influences
5. Extrinsic influences

Question 39

What are the three pathways under which parents influence their children food choice?

Answer 39

1. Selective food exposure (example choosing the food to give the child)
2. Modelling (child will imitate the parent’s food consumption)
3. Condition mechanisms (sweet are conditioned positively because always in celebration context).

Question 40

What are the other extrinsic factors influence children food choices?

Answer 40

1. Psychological influences like the attitude toward diteting and the value of food (symbol).
2. External information like the information on the package or publicity and advertisement