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Week 1 - Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

definition of pharmacology

A

study of actions of drugs on living systems

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2
Q

definition of a drug

A

‘A substance used as a medication or in the preparation of medication’

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3
Q

definition of clinical pharmacology

A

the application of pharmacology principles to patients

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4
Q

definition of pharmacy

A

the study of the preparation of drugs

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5
Q

definition of toxicology

A

the study of poisons and their treatments

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6
Q

what does pharmacokinetics entail

A

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion

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7
Q

5 pillars of pharmacology

A

drug, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacotherapeutics, drug toxicity

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8
Q

3 main types of drug sources

A

natural, semisynthetic, synthetic

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9
Q

4 types of natural drugs

A

plant, animal, fungi, bacteria

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10
Q

7 active compounds in plants (All Good Rossies Get To Finish Victoriously)

A

alkaloids, glycosides, resins, gums, tannins, fixed oils, volatile oils

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11
Q

alkaloid characteristics

A

basic nitrogenous substances, insoluble in water, end in -ine

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12
Q

glycosides are

A

sugars

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13
Q

resin characteristic

A

polymerization of volatile oils

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14
Q

gums characteristics

A

polysaccharides, trees

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15
Q

tannins characteristics

A

non-nitrogenous, astringent effect

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16
Q

fixed oils characteristics

A

stable, won’t evaporate

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17
Q

volatile oils characteristic

A

will evaporate

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18
Q

3 types of animal sources

A

blood, plasma, hormones

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19
Q

drugs from bacteria/fungi

A

antibiotics

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20
Q

definition of dose

A

amount of drug given to achieve a certain effect

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21
Q

definition of dosage

A

amount of drug per unit body weight i.e.: mg/kg, etc.

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22
Q

definition of concentration

A

amount of drug per unit of volume from the stock supply of medication aka dosage form or formulation i.e.: mg/mL, 100mg tab, 25mg cap, etc.

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23
Q

4 categories of drug products

A

OTC, prescription, biologics (vax), controlled

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24
Q

OTC drugs don’t need

A

a prescription

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25
Q

prescription drugs regulated by

A

the FDA, NADA

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26
Q

biologics regulated by

A

the USDA

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27
Q

FDA stands for _____; function

A

Food and Drug Administration, drug approval and safety

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28
Q

DEA stands for _____; function

A

Drug Enforcement Administration, high abuse potential i.e.: controlled

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29
Q

NDC stands for _____; function

A

National Drug Code, 10 digits, DEA

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30
Q

NADA stands for _____; function

A

New Animal Drug Application, FDA

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31
Q

controlled drugs regulated by _______; how many classes

A

DEA, 5 classes/schedules based on potential for abuse (lower class = higher potential)

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32
Q

definition of a prescription

A

An order to a pharmacist written by a licensed medical practitioner, legally recognized document

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33
Q

required text for a prescription includes:

A

Name, address, and phone number of hospital, Name of patient (species is also helpful), Patient’s body weight, Name and address of patient’s owner (client), Date prescription is written, Number of refills permitted, Clinician’s DEA registration number must be provided for controlled drugs, Withdrawal time for food animals, Name and strength of medication, Quantity to be dispensed, Directions for Use: include amount of medication, route of administration, frequency of treatment

34
Q

schedule II drugs restrictions

A

written, 0 refills, 30 day supply

35
Q

schedule III, IV, V restrictions

A

usually faxed, can’t be called in, up to 5 refills within 6 months

36
Q

AMDUCA stands for ______; function

A

Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act; extra label use

37
Q

FARAD stands for ______; function

A

Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank; food animal drug withdrawal times

38
Q

4 types of dosage forms of drugs

A

solid, liquid, semisolid, gases/vapors

39
Q

local routes of administration

A

skin, nasal, ocular, urinary tract, vaginal, rectal, mammary, (sub)lingual, GI mucosa, otic, intraspinal/synovial/medullary

40
Q

systemic routes of administration

A

per os, enteral, perenteral

41
Q

perenteral routes of administration

A

IV, IM, SQ, IP, TM, IB, IO, gases, vapors, endotracheal

42
Q

definition of a powder

A

mixture of drugs packaged in packets or sachets

43
Q

definition of a tablet

A

active drug combined with a binder and excipient; can cut

44
Q

definition of a enteric-coated tablet

A

irritants or ones destroyed by gastric acid are coated and dissolve in the SI

45
Q

definition of a pill

A

mixture of drugs and a sticky binder glazed sugar coating; can’t cut

46
Q

definition of a capsule

A

container made of mixture of gelatin and glycerin to hold powdered drugs (powder and liquid)

47
Q

definition of a bolus

A

large and cylindrical shape for horses and cows

48
Q

definition of a mixture

A

aq soln or suspension for oral administration

49
Q

definition of a pessary

A

conical solid preparation for intravaginal use in humans

50
Q

definition of a suppository

A

conical solid preparation given intrarectally for systemic effects in humans, melts and releases ingredients

51
Q

definition of a paste

A

semisolid preparation for external or internal use

52
Q

definition of a electuary

A

semisolid preparation applied to the back of the tongue, systemic (large animal med)

53
Q

definition of a tincture

A

alcoholic liquid nonvolatile substance external/internal use

54
Q

definition of a spirit

A

alcoholic liquid volatile substance

55
Q

definition of a suspension

A

aqueous suspension of solids and contains dispersing agent “shake well before use”

56
Q

definition of a syrup

A

soln of medicinal agents, flavoring, coloring, 85% sucrose soln

57
Q

definition of an elixir

A

hydroalcoholic soln sweetened and flavored

58
Q

definition of an emulsion

A

oily substance in aqueous medium

59
Q

definition of an extract

A

pass solvent over dried plant material then evaporate solvent

60
Q

definition of infusion

A

cold or warm water for extraction

61
Q

definition of decoction

A

boiling water for extraction

62
Q

definition of injection

A

sterile solns in aq vehicle. heat sterilized or filtered.

63
Q

definition of repository forms

A

slow release

64
Q

definition of a liniment

A

liquid or semisolid applied on skin with friction

65
Q

definition of a lotion

A

soln soothing applied on skin

66
Q

definition of a ointment

A

semisolid greasy dissolved on skin

67
Q

definition of a cream

A

water-oil emulsion, water evaporate after application

68
Q

definition of a dusting powder

A

mix of drugs in powder for external use

69
Q

definition of an aerosol

A

solvent and packaged under pressure with a propellant

70
Q

a.c. stands for

A

before meals

71
Q

p.c. stands for

A

after meals

72
Q

c stands for

73
Q

s stands for

74
Q

aq stands for

75
Q

et stands for

76
Q

noct stands for

77
Q

definition of a compounded medication

A

combining or altering ingredients

78
Q

example of Class I drug

A

heroin, LSD

79
Q

example of Class II drug

80
Q

example of Class III drug

A

anabolic steroids

81
Q

example of Class IV drug

A

butorphanol & diazepam

82
Q

example of Class V drug

A

buprenorphine

Pharm (15 decks)

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