Exam 2 Flashcards
% total body water in adults
60
% total body water in neonates
80
% ICF; where is it found
40; cells
% ECF; where is it found
15; intravascular, interstitial, etc.
% plasma in ECF
5
% blood in ECF
9
ratio of intravascular : interstitial : intracellular
1:3:8
hydrostatic pressure
force of blood against wall of capillaries, fluid OUT
oncotic “colloidal” pressure
force of proteins, fluid IN, “magnet” for water
osmotic pressure
created by IVF (solutes dissolved in water)
osmolarity
[solute] / solvent volume
effective osmolarity
permeable
ineffective osmolarity
impermeable
tonicity
[solute] in solution relative to plasma, measure of osmotic pressure gradient
most common extracellular cation
Na+
most common extracellular anions
Cl- & HCO3-
most common intracellular cation
K+
most common intracellular anion
PO4-
fluid equilibrium describes that
water moves from low osmotic pressure to high osmotic pressure
hypotonic
low osmotic pressure, “swell”
hypotonic uses
intracellular: dehydrated, maintenance
hypotonic examples
0.45% NaCl, 2.5% Dextrose, D5W, D5 1/2 NS
hypertonic uses
intravascular: resuscitation
isotonic
osmotic pressure in = osmotic pressure out
hypertonic examples
- 2% NaCl
- 5% NaCl
- 9% NaCl + D5W
maintenance fluids area of effect
intracellular
replacement fluids area of effect
intravascular & interstitial
isotonic examples
0.9% NaCl (normal saline) LRS Normosol-R Plasmalyte-A Plasmalyte-148 *D5W
natural colloid examples
whole blood, RBC, plasma
synthetic colloid examples
VetStarch, HetaStarch, Dextrans, Oxyglobin
synthetic colloid examples
VetStarch, HetaStarch, Dextrans, Oxyglobin
flow rate always given in
ggt/min
drop factor/calibration always given in
ggt/mL
Rate =
Volume / Time
Volume * Drop Factor / Time
patients >10kg get what drop factor
10-15 ggt/mL
patients <5-10kg get what drop factor
60 ggt/mL
Time =
Volume * Drop Factor / Rate
Volume =
Rate * Time / Drop Factor
Normal Saline has what concentration Na+
154 mEq/L
