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Pharm > Toxicology - Exam 4 > Flashcards

Toxicology - Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

definition of toxicology

A

the study and science of poisons

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2
Q

definition of toxicants

A

“poison”; interfere with life processes or biological functions

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3
Q

exposure aspect of toxicology includes

A

species susceptibility & sensitivity

sources of toxicity

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4
Q

diagnoses aspect of toxicology includes

A

clinical & lab findings

specific lesions

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5
Q

toxicokinetics aspect of toxicology includes

A

mechanism of action

metabolism, excretion, half life

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6
Q

treatment aspect of toxicology includes

A

decontamination
specific antidote
organs affected

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7
Q

prognosis aspect of toxicology includes

A

risk to other animals

risk to people/public health

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8
Q

the difference between drugs and poisons is the

A

dose

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9
Q

definition of xenobiotics

A

foreign chemicals that the body does not produce i.e.: drugs & poisons

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10
Q

natural sources of toxicants

A

plant, animal, mineral, fungi/bacteria, gaseous

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11
Q

synthetic sources of toxicants

A

insecticides & organic herbicides

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12
Q

definition of toxicosis

A

poisoning/intoxication; disease caused by exposure

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13
Q

definition of envenomation via coral snake

A

neuromuscular paralysis, death by hypoventilation & respiratory failure

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14
Q

definition of biotoxin

A

poison from a biological process

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15
Q

definition of toxic

A

the deleterious or undesirable effects of a poison

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16
Q

example of toxicosis

A

amanita “death cap” mushrooms; acute liver failure, imminent death

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17
Q

definition of toxicity

A

amount of poison that under certain circumstances will cause a toxicity

18
Q

in mammals toxicity is measured as

A

LD50 (mg/kg)

19
Q

in birds toxicity is measured as

A

LC50 (mg/kg feed)

20
Q

in fish toxicity is measured as

A

LC50 (mg/L H2O)

21
Q

definition of acute toxicity

A

effect of a single dose or multiple doses over 24 hours

22
Q

definition of subacute toxicity

A

effect produced by daily exposure from one day to 30 days

23
Q

definition of subchronic toxicity

A

effect exposed from daily exposure from 30 to 90 days

24
Q

definition of chronic toxicity

A

effect produced by daily exposure from 3 months or more

25
Q

toxicity of any substance is influenced by what factors?

A

species, breed, individual, sex, age, dosage of poison, duration of exposure, idiosyncrasies

26
Q

chronicity factor is the ratio between:

A

acute LD50 & chronic LD50

27
Q

rapidly metabolized compounds will have a low/high chronicity factor

A

low

28
Q

development of tolerance due to increased metabolism will increase/decrease the chronicity factor

A

decrease

29
Q

compounds with a cumulative effect will have a high/low chronicity factor

A

high

30
Q

a chronicity factor >2 indicates a

A

relatively cumulative toxin

31
Q

definition of HNTD

A

highest nontoxic dose; does not result in undesirable or toxic alterations

32
Q

definition of MTD

A

maximum tolerated dose or minimal toxic dose

33
Q

definition of toxic dose low

A

lowest dose that produces toxic alterations; administering twice this dose will not cause death

34
Q

definition of toxic dose high

A

dose that produces toxic alterations; administering twice this dose will cause death

35
Q

definition of no effect level

A

maximum nontoxic level; does not cause death, illness, or toxic alterations

36
Q

definition of lethal dose

A

dose that causes death, alive or not, no in between

37
Q

LD0

A

highest dose that does not cause any death

38
Q

LD50

A

dose that kills 50% of animals in a group

39
Q

LD100

A

dose that kills all the animals in the group

40
Q

definition of hazard

A

danger from possibility of exposure

Pharm (15 decks)

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